Lecture3-2岩浆作用与火成岩.pdfVIP

LLectture 33-22 IIgneous A Actitivitity and I d Igneous R Rockks 岩浆作用与火成岩岩浆作用与火成岩 Outline •• TheThe propertiesproperties andand behaviorbehavior ofof magmamagma and lava • How does magma originate and change?change? • IgneousIgneous activityactivity • Igneous rocks –Characteristics – ClClassifiificatition The Properties and Behavior of MagmaMagma andand LavaLava –– MoltenMolten rockrock materialmaterial belowbelow thethe EarthEarthss surfacesurface isis called magma. 岩浆岩浆- 上地幔或地壳深处上地幔或地壳深处，天然产出的成分以硅天然产出的成分以硅 酸盐为主的高温熔融物质 – IfIf ththe magma reachhes ththe surfface itit iis calllledd llava. 喷出地面丧失了气体的岩浆称为熔岩 – Magma is erupted as either • LavaLava flowsflows 熔岩流熔岩流 or • PPyrocllastitic matteriialls. 火山碎屑物火山碎屑物 Composition of Magma – SiliSilica 二氧化硅二氧化硅iis ththe priimary constittituentt off magmas – Cation: Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K … – Magmas are differentiated based on the relative proportions of silica, iron, and magnesium. • Felsic 长英质– silica rich, iron and magnesium poor • Intermediate 中性– intermediate between felsic and mafic • Mafic 铁镁质– silica poor, iron and magnesium rich – Parent magma composition largely determines the composition of iggneous rocks. The Properties and Behavior of MagmaMagma andand LavaLava ••HowHow HotHot AreAre MagmaMagma andand Lava?Lava? – Measured temperatures of lavas suggest that ttypiicall – mafic magma is somewhhatt hhotttter