半导体物理与器件第四版课后习题答案.docx

Chapter 3 If ao were to increase, the bandgap energy would decrease and the material would begin to behave less like a semiconductor and more like a metal. If ao were to decrease, the bandgap energy would increase and the material would begin to behave more like an insulator. _______________________________________ Schrodingers wave equation is: 2 2 x, t V x x, t 2m x2 j x, t t Assume the solution is of the form: x, t u x exp j kx E t Region I: V x 0 . Substituting the assumed solution into the wave equation, we obtain: 2 E 2m x jku x exp j kx t u x exp j kx E t x j jE u x exp j kx E t which becomes 2 2 u E 2m jk x exp j kx t 2 jk u x exp j kx E t x  2 u x exp j E t x2 kx Eu x exp j kx E t This equation may be written as k 2 u x u x 2 u x 2mE 2 jk x 2 2 u x 0 x Setting u x u1 x for region I, the equation becomes: d 2 u1 x 2 jk du1 x k 2 2 u1 x 0 dx2 dx where 2 2mE 2 In Region II, V x VO . Assume the same form of the solution: x, t u x exp j kx E t Substituting into Schrodingers wave equation, we find: 2 2 u E jk x exp j kx t 2m 2 jk u x exp j kx E t x 2 2x exp j u kx E t x V O u x exp j kx E t Eu x exp j kx E t This equation can be written as: k 2u x 2 jk u x 2u x x x2 2mVO u x 2mE u x 0 2 2 Setting u x u 2 x for region II, this equation becomes d 2 u 2 x du2 x dx2 2 jk dx k 2 2 2mVO u2 x 0 2 where again 2mE 2 We have 2 2 jk du1 x d u1 x k 2 2 u1 x 0 dx2 dx Assume the solution is of the form: u1 x A exp j k x B exp j k x The first derivative is du1 x j k A exp j k x dx j k B exp j k x and the second derivative becomes d 2 u1 x j k 2 k x dx2 A exp j 2 B exp j k j k x Substituting these equations into the differential equation, we find k 2 A exp j k x 2 B exp j k x k 2 jk j k A exp j k x j k B exp j k x k 2 2 A exp j k x B exp j k x 0 Combining terms, we obtain 2 2 k k 2 2k k k 2 2 A exp j k x 2 2 k k 2 2k k k 2 2 B exp j k x 0 We find that 0 0 For the differential equation in u 2 x and the proposed solution, the proced