美国侵权法(中英文).docx

美国侵权法（中英文）HEAMERICAN LAW JbSTITUTETHE LAW, THIRD, TORTS 美国侵权法（中英文） HEAMERICAN LAW JbSTITUTE THE LAW, THIRD, TORTS Restatement of the Law , Third , Torts by The American Law Institute 美国法学会《侵权法第三次重述》 Part One: In toduction of Torts 侵权法概述 Part Two : Apportionment of Liability ( Rule Sections )第一部分：责任 分担 Part Three: Products Liability 产品责任 Part One: In toduction of Torts 侵权法概述 在美国，侵权法主要属于各州的法律范畴， 而且主要由判例法组成。侵权行为可 分为故意侵权行为(intentional tort)、过失侵权行为(negligenee or neglige nt tort) 和严格责任侵权行为(strict liability tort). 对侵权行为 的一般救济方法是对侵权行为所造成的损害予以一定的金钱补偿， 在涉及交通事 故等领域的侵权赔偿已广范采用了保险赔偿的方式。 Part One: In troduction 基本概念 The law of tort is still the source of most civil suits in the United States, with damage claims for automobile accide nts tak ing first place. Many circumsta nces con tribute to this: (a) the plai ntiff in an America n civil suit is ordin arily en titled to try his claim before a jury which will often--and understandably--rely more on human than on legal con sideratio ns, for in sta nee whe n a child has bee n injured in an automobile accident or through a defective product of a large enterprise; (b) Compe nsatio n and damages in clude not only the actual loss but also the in ta ngible damage. A pla in tiff can therefore ofte n play on the huma n reaction of the jury: for instanee, what is appropriate compensation for a permanent disability such as the loss of a limb? (c) American law permits the participatio n of the attor ney in the pla in tiff s recovery (contingent fee) which not un com monly amounts to 25 to 33 perce nt of the verdict. As a result of all of these factors, a tort action maybe a lengthy proceeding, result in large expe nses, for in sta nee through hono raria for experts (which may deter the small plaintiff from suing at all), and may end in the award of a very large verdict. It is no linger uncommorthat a jury will aware a verdict in excess of $ 100,000. These con diti ons have bee n the touchst one for several reform en deavors which will be dis