浙江大学2019植物学甲第04次课2019第01到50页精选.ppt

Chapter Four Structures and development of Plant Organs 植物的器官的结构与生长发育  Section 3 Morphology, structure and development of stems 第三节茎的形态、结构及生长发育 Primary yl Stems are a important link between leave and roots Stems are composed condary of the four kinds of tissues found in all organs of a plant: epidermis, vascular, ground, and meristematic tissues 茎连接根和叶,茎由四种组织 构成:表皮、维管组织、基本 组织和分生组织  (一)茎的形态 Mophology of stem 1. Outer Morphology of Stem茎的外部形态 Morphology of an angiosperm stem被子植物茎外形 顶芽 Terminal bud The stem tip on the left Internode shows the terminal bud 叶痕 节间 芽鳞痕(TB), leaf scars(LS Leaf scar 3 年痕) vascular bundle scars (vB)within the leaf 维管束痕 scars, and annular scars (叶迹) (AS Node The right-hand picture shows an ash stem at AS lower magnification with 芽鳞痕 two annual rings as (年痕) indicated by arrows.  Outer characters on the axillary bud stem of Carya sp.(胡桃) nternode axillary bud axillary bud 腋芽 terminal bud entices 皮孔 terminal bud ot ateral branch scale scars 芽鳞痕 Figure 78d Woody dicot(hickory, Carya) branch(live, 4/5x).(Photo by I. Figure 7 e Woody dicot (hickory, Carya) branch (live  Stem morphology of a gymnosperm棵子植物茎外形 Stem of a 叶座 gymnosperm, fil 芽鳞痕 ( Abies sp)冷杉 (年痕) showing circular scars that mark the sites of leaf attachment(叶座) Annual growth Annual growth from buds is represented by the shorted secondary branches  Different habits of stem茎的不同习性 直立茎 匍匐茎 平卧茎 生 右缠绕茎 左缠绕茎 攀缓茎  Different habits of stem茎的不同习性 Stems play key roles in the ecology of plants F香蕉的茎是由一系列互相重叠的叶柄 Echeveria,石莲花的茎很短c组成的  葫芦科的攀缘茎-卷须 竹节蓼的叶状茎 FIGUR上 The flattened stem, the cladophyll, of this plant(Homnloclartiamn cladium) looks like a long leaf and produces sugar through pho- athesis, however, unlike a leaf, flowers develop along its sid Modified stems(变态 种龙舌兰的丛生叶长在伸长的茎上茎) adapt plants to FIGURE 8. 8 different factors in Giant rosettes(Espeletia) growing in the Andes Mountains ot E