印度政治体制.pptx

;The Republic of India;As the British colonial （殖民）period, India had introducted the British political system. Here we focus on political development after the independence. National struggle of the Indian people finally triumphed in 1947. Indian gained the real independence on August 15. In November 1949 the Constituent Assembly adopted Constitution of IndiaConstitution came into force on January 26, 1950. Indian people established a new political system.; India is a federal political system with centralized features, parliamentary democracy(议会民主制), a multi-party system （多党制）and parliamentary elections（议会选举）.;multi-party system ;Nehrū; From the late 1970s and early 1980s began, to the late 1990s, one-party dominance of Congress system gradually collapsed. At the end of the 1980s, since the strong rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Congress gradually formed its potential rival. At the late 1990s, the National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party ‘s competition has gradually cleared.It gradually formed a moderate multi-party system, and develop more stably.;Federal republic country;Legislature;;Rajya Sabha 联邦院 （上院） Rajya Sabha stands for each state. It is Up to 250 members. The president can appointment 12 elites(社会贤达). The term is 6 years. Lok Sabha 人民院 （下院） There are 545 members in Lok Sabha. Two of them are appointed by the president . The term is 5 years.;Lok Sabha is more powerful; Administrative agencies consist of the President,Prime Minister and ministries （部长） .;The president ;The Prime Minister;Ministers;Judicial institution ;Why western democracy can be used in India?;Does India benefit from this kind of democracy system? ;The problem cause by India democracy;The problem in India democracy system ;;;3.leading political force in India gradually decentralized. Since 1989, no party can win a majority of seats in parliament Lok Sabha; since 1996,each government is a coalition government .In order to gain political support big