岩浆硫化物矿床的基本原理.pptVIP

* * 岩浆硫化物矿床的基本原理及成因模型的演化 Chusi Li Indiana University 李楚思 印地安那大学 SEG Honorary Lecturer Merensky Reef 世界级岩浆硫化物矿床 镍矿床 铂矿床 After Naldrett 镍矿产量＋资源量 (百万吨) 镍的品位 铜镍矿床 铂族元素矿床 @Naldrett Magma Association of Cu-Ni Deposits 铜镍矿床岩浆组合 (1) Related to Komatiites (ultramafic lavas, principal example: Kambalda, Raglan) 与科马提岩相关 (超基性熔岩) (2) Related to Continental Flood Basalts (principal example: Noril’sk, but also Duluth, Insizwa) 与大陆溢流玄武岩相关 (3) Related to Ferropicrites (principal example Pechenga) 与铁苦橄岩相关 (4) Anorthosite plutonic suites (principal example: Voisey’s Bay) 斜长岩侵入体组合 (5) Tholeiite (principal example: Jinchuan) 拉斑玄武岩岩浆 (6) Impact melt (ONLY example: Sudbury) 冲击熔融 Early genetic model was based on the Sudbury Ni-Cu deposits discovered almost 2 centuries ago 早期成因模式是建立在两个世纪以前发现的萨德伯里铜镍硫化物矿床的基础上 Canadian Pacific Railway near Murray Mine (Discovery Cut), photo taken Sept 2, 1916 在Murray矿山附近的加拿大和平铁路 (发现处的露头)，照片摄于1916年9月2日 @Naldrett 萨德伯里 萨德伯里铜镍矿床分布平面图 @Naldrett The traditional view before 1980s 80年代以前的传统观点 This model suggests that magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits occur in the base of large layered intrusions. It was regarded as an universal model in many textbooks and was widely used in mineral exploration worldwide not long ago. 这种模式提出了岩浆硫化物矿床产于大岩体底部。在早期教科书中被认为是个普遍的模式, 并且在过去矿产勘探中得到广泛的应用。 侵入体 硫化物 硫化物沿着岩体底部低洼处聚积 @Naldrett Meteorite impact at Sudbury, ~1.85Ga 萨德伯里的陨石冲击: 大约正18.5亿年以前 @Naldrett Sudbury Breccia 萨德伯里角砾岩 Large vein of partial melt with blocks of granite gneiss Shocked Quartz from Onaping Formation 石英的冲击构造 @Naldrett Shatter Cones, south of Kelley Lake 冲击锥 @Naldrett 片麻岩 底部亚层 浅色苏长岩 硫化物矿石 @Naldrett 下盘角砾岩 Sudbury North Range 萨德伯里岩体北缘矿床剖面图 Sublayer norite with olivine melanorite fragment, Whistle Mine, Sudbury萨德伯里岩体亚层中含橄榄石苏长岩捕虏体 @Lightfoot 1mm Phlogopite-rich olivine melanorite with chrome spinel and 1.85Ga zircon, Whistle Mine 金云母橄榄石苏长岩中发现18.5亿年的锆石 @Lightfoot Sulfide segregation due to super-cooling of impact melt at Sudbury 萨德伯里过热岩浆冷却过程造成硫化物熔离 硫化物饱和时岩浆中硫的含量 斜方辉石结晶 硫含