语言学TG grammar讲课讲稿.ppt

语言学TG grammar;Background about TG grammar ;Noam Chomsky： He is an American linguist. Sometimes described as the father of modern linguistics. Chomskys contribution: Innateness Hypothesis,Universal Grammar and Particular Grammar,Competence and Performence, Deep structure and Surface structure……;What is TG Grammar?;TG grammar, first put forward by American linguist Noam Chomsky in the 1950’s, is a reaction to traditional and structuralist linguistics. Different from the structuralism based on behaviorism in psychology, Chomsky argues for a mentalist approach to study language. In his school, the word grammar is given a special significance. Grammar, in Chomskyan sense, refers to one’s innate competence of language. The main focus then was to account for the creativity of human language. One of his famous tenets is human beings have the ability to create and understand an infinite number of sentences with a finite set of rules. The new theory seemed to work well in explaining some of the sentences such as embedded structures, active v. passive structures etc.;Main features of TG grammar:;Two Aspects of TG Grammar;Competence and performance;Five Stages of TG Grammar;Language acquisition device ; Chomsky’s innateness hypothesis is based on his observations that some important facts can never be otherwise explained adequately. 1. Chomsky noticed that children learn their native language very fast and with little effort. Considering the fact that the small children are not yet intellectually mature in any other fields, this is surprisingly fast. The first language acquisition invariably takes place without formal, explicit instruction: the input is degenerate data, but the output is a perfect language system. ;2. Children in the world learn their mother tongue in very different environments, however, they follow more or less the same stages in their linguistic development: babbling stage, nonsense word stage, holophrastic stage, two-word stage, developing grammar,