第9章：局域网交换与VLAN.pdf

LAN Switching and VLAN Table of Contents  Switching  The Spanning-Tree Protocol  VLAN  Introduction of VLAN  VLAN Architecture  VLAN Implementation  Routing Between VLANs Switch Operation  Switches perform two basic functions:  Building and maintaining switching tables (similar to a bridge table) based on MAC addresses  Switching frames out the interface to the destination Symmetric Switching symmetric switching potential bottlenecks provides switched connections between ports with the same bandwidth (10/10 Mbps or 100/100 Mbps) can cause bottlenecks as users try to access servers on other segments. Asymmetric Switching asymmetric switching reduces the likelihood of a potential bottleneck at the server by attaching the segment with the server to a higher bandwidth port (100 Mbps) asymmetric switching requires memory buffering in the switch Memory Buffering  Area of memory in a switch where destination and transmission data are stored until it can be switched out the correct port.  Port-based memory buffering  packets are stored in a queue on each port  possible for one packet to delay transmission of other packets because of a busy destination port  Shared memory buffering  common memory buffering shared by all ports  allows packets to be RX on one port and TX out another port without changing it to a different queue. Switching Methods  Store-and-Forward  The switch receives the entire frame, calculating the CRC at the end, before sending it to the destination  Cut-through  A switch adds latency. It can be reduced by using cut-through switching method