生物流派理论.ppt

人格心理学主讲人：訾非 第十五讲：生物流派的人格理论 The Biological Approach to Personality 人格的生物遗传基础(Biological and Genetic Roots of Personality) 人格的生物遗传基础 (Biological and Genetic Roots of Personality) 四个月时被鉴定为抑制型的婴儿，其中有40%在14个月和21个月时表现出较多的恐惧；但没有一个非抑制型的婴儿有同样的感受。（Kagan & Snidman， 1991） 21个月时的抑制性得分与儿童4岁时的抑制性得分相关（Reznick et al., 1986） 8~12岁儿童的抑制性与成年后（18～22岁）的抑制性有中等程度的相关（r ＝ .57）(Gest, 1997) 许多领导人、社会工作者和演义界人士都曾是抑制型儿童，但通过克服自己的羞怯而获得成功。 艾森克的人格理论（Eysenk’s Theory on Personality） 艾森克的人格理论 稳定－不稳定（神经质、情绪的稳定性） 内向－外向（皮层唤起水平的差异） 精神质 精神质得分高的人：自我中心的，攻击性的，缺乏人性的（impersonal），冷酷的，缺乏同情心的，冲动的，不考虑他人的，对他人的权利和幸福漠不关心的 大脑不对称性 左前额叶激活水平 vs 右前额叶激活水平 左半球活动：接近情绪源；右半球活动：远离情绪源 抑郁的人大脑右半球活动水平高 如果右利手的人思考时眼睛转向左边，右半球活动水平高（Davidson, 1991） Jeffrey Gray’s RSTReinforcement Sensitivity Theory of personality 1.Flight-Fight-Freeze system (FFFS) which is characterised by: Sensitivity to aversive stimuli with associated defensive avoidance (fear) and escape(panic) 2. Behavioral approach system(BAS) characterised by: Sensitivity to appetitive stimuli Associated approach and anticipatory pleasure (hope) 3. Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS)characterized by: Sensitivity to goal conflict (eg approach-avoidance Linked with rumination, anxiety) Jeffrey Gray’s RSTReinforcement Sensitivity Theory of personality Behavioral activation system: The behavioral activation system represents more functional attempts to seek rewards, such as a predilection towards novel experiences, spontaneous behavior, and exciting activities. Similarly, this is related to extraversion and functional, but not rash, impulsivity. Jeffrey Gray’s RSTReinforcement Sensitivity Theory of personality Behavioral inhibition system This system underpins responses to any form of conflict. That is, the system facilitates the detection and resolution of conflict. In particular, in response to conflict, ongoing behaviors, underpinned by the behavioral activation or fight-flight-freezing systems, are inhibited. Instead, attention and effort is di