语言学pragmatics语用学.pptVIP

Pragmatics;Preview:;Pragmatics： It refers to the study of “intended speaker meaning”.;Invisible meaning 隐含意义;;In order for us to recognize the invisible meaning, the writers must be able to depend on a lot of shared assumptions and expectations. Then, we use the meaning of the words, in combination, and the context in which they occur, and we try to arrived at what the writer of the sign intended his message to convey. ;Context 语境;There are different kinds of context. One kind is described as linguistic context, also known as co-text. More generally, we know how to interpret words on the basis of physical context.;Co-text The co-text of a word is the set of other words used in the same phrase or sentence. The surrounding co-text has a strong effect on what we think the word means.;Bank;Physical context;;Deixis指示语 ;;;All the deictic expressions have to be interpreted in terms of which person, place or time the speaker has in mind. We make a broad distinction between what is marked as close to the speaker(this, here, now) and what is distant(that, there, then), we can also indicate whether movement is away from the speaker’s location(go) or toward the speakers location(come). ;Reference 指称;;;; Terms;