浅谈我国船舶产业的竞争力及其影响因素.docxVIP

浅谈我国船舶产业的竞争力及其影响因素 范晓玉 摘 要：船舶产业是我国经济的重要组成部分，“十一五”期间我国的船舶行业得到飞速发展，造船量、接单量均处于世界首位，我国也一跃成为造船大国，成就瞩目。船舶产业是一个综合性较强的产业，需要众多辅助产业一起支持。我国船舶产业虽然发展壮大，但是产业结构不合理，低端产能过剩，高端产能欠缺，自主技术不足，随着近几年经济新常态的外部环境，船舶行业发展也受到了严重打击，国际市场竞争力减弱。故该文分析影响因素，调整船舶产业结构，优化外部支持，促进船舶产业升级，走出困境。 关键词：船舶产业 竞争力 影响因素 策略 中图分类号：F752 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-3791（2020）08（a）-0062-03 On the Competitiveness of China Shipbuilding Industry and Its Influencing Factors FAN Xiaoyu （Dalian COSCO Shipping Heavy Industry Co.， Ltd.， Dalian， Liaoning Province， 116000 China） Abstract： Shipbuilding industry is an important part of Chinas economy. During the 11th Five Year Plan period， Chinas shipbuilding industry has developed rapidly， with the shipbuilding volume and order receiving volume ranking first in the world. China has also become a large shipbuilding country with remarkable achievements. The shipbuilding industry is a comprehensive and strong industry， which needs the support of many auxiliary industries. Although Chinas shipbuilding industry develops and expands， its industrial structure is unreasonable， low-end overcapacity， high-end overcapacity and independent technology are insufficient. With the external environment of the new normal economy in recent years， the development of the shipbuilding industry has also been severely hit， and the competitiveness of the international market has weakened Influencing factors： adjust the structure of shipbuilding industry， optimize external support， promote the upgrading of shipbuilding industry and get out of the dilemma. Key Words： Shipbuilding industry; Competitiveness; Influencing factors; Strategies 1 我國船舶行业发展现状 随着国际间交流和货运的增多，我国的船舶产业也迅速崛起，并成功跻身世界造船大国的行列，但是我国的船舶产业一直存在大而不强的困境，并且产业存在整体性结构矛盾，缺乏自主的核心创新技术，船舶开发设计的能力弱，船舶企业的管理水平也有待提高，这些问题都严重阻碍了我国船舶行业的发展进步。近年来的经济形势低迷，船舶行业也受到打击，订单减少、利润降低的情况未见缓解，而我国船舶产业的产能过剩、粗放管理的弊端也被凸显，国际船舶市场对船舶的要求更加现代化、智能化，船舶所体现出高精尖的技术特征正是当前我国船舶产业所欠缺的，我国虽然在散货船和支线集装箱船市场上保有领先优势，但是在高科技含量、高技术层次的船舶订单却是凤毛麟角，核心竞争力薄弱。船舶产业具有