堤防管涌试验研究与分析.docVIP

堤防管涌试验研究与分析 倪小东，王媛 (河海大学岩土工程科学研究所,岩土力学与堤坝工程教育部重点实验室,南京210098) 摘要：理论意义上的管汕是指在渗流作用卜，土体中的细颗粒在孔隙通道中移动并被带出土 体以外的现象，而工程意义上的管涌一般指发生在水工建筑物和地基Z间的接触冲刷破坏， 为研究堤基内部填充颗粒在多大的水力梯度下发生运移，进而流向出流口，最终引起管涌破 坏，对砂梢模型试验装置进行了改进,避免岀现接触冲刷破坏，以获得理论上发生管涌的临 界水力梯度值，试验中考虑了不同细料禽量、填充密度、渗径等条件下的管汕临界水力梯度 的变化，试验结果显示比较接近公式计算值。在此前提下，考虑了堤基内部存在渗流通道对 管涌临界水头的影响，分析了渗流通道大小及通道离出流口远近对临界水力梯度的影响，获 得了比较合理的结论。 关键词：管涌；模型试验；临界比降 中图分类号：TU 443 Experimental study and analysis on piping of levee NI Xiaodong, WANG Yuan (Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Geotechnical Research Institute, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098) Abstract: The theory definition of piping is the phenomenon that the tine particles of the soil move in pore space passage and are taken away under the effect of seepage; in engineering, piping effect commonly means the contact washout destruction between the hydraulic structure and the groundwork. Tn order to determine the hydraulic gradient under which the inner particles of dike foundation can be dragged to outlet and the piping appears, For obtaining the critical hydraulic gradient of piping in theoretically, the device of flume model test is improved in order to avoid the phenomenon of contact erosion and the critical hydraulic gradient of piping under different conditions such as different content of fine particles, packing density and length of seepage path is studied. It shows that the results of test are almost coincided with the value by formula. Under this precondition, the influence of seepage channel in inner dike foundation to critical hydraulic gradient of piping and the influence of different size of diameter of seepage channel and different distance between the channel and outlet to critical hydraulic gradient are studied and some reasonable conclusions arc derived? Key words: piping; flume model test; critical gradient 0引言 管涌是江河大堤在汛期常见险情z—。理论意义上的管涌是指在渗流作用下，主体中的 细颗粒在孔隙通道中移动并被带出土体以外的现象，自从，Terzaghi(1922)⑴发表山于渗透破 坏引起大坝失稳的经典著作以来，已有很多人通过试验来对管涌进行研究，T