透射电子显微镜_.pptx

第五章 透射电镜的结构;Definitions;Lenses Curved glass or mirror for Visible light Concave surface of metal (e.g. satellite dish) Radio waves Concave mirror or Fresnel lens Heat Solenoid (electromagnetic fields that can be varied) Subatomic particles (electrons, protons, positrons); ; ;15th century on - Studies done with glass magnifiers to study objects in detail mostly as a curiosity by non-scientists - Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (linen draper) described three shapes of bacterial cells using his simple, single lens microscope (glass bead in metal holder).;By mid-19th century, became evident that theoretical limits of light were reached. Above magnification of 1500, resolution lost. Image was larger, but blurred (empty magnification). In 1870, Ernst Abbe derived mathematical expression for resolution of microscope: Resolution is limited to approx. 1/2 the wavelength of illuminating source.;Wavelength - distance between peaks of the waveform;Blue light has a wavelength of 0.47 um Resolution max - 0.2 um (200 nm) Cannot go beyond this even with better optics. Solution? Use illumination of shorter wavelength;1935 - Max Knoll demonstrates the theory of the scanning electron microscope ;;Light vs Electron Microscope;光学显微镜的分辨率 ;透镜分辨率;有效放大倍数;如何提高显微镜的分辨率; 电子波长 ; 不同加速电压下的电子波波长 ; 电磁透镜 ;静电透镜;电磁透镜;电磁透镜;电磁透镜;电磁线圈与极靴;电磁透镜成像;电磁透镜的像差及其对分辨率的影响;一、球差;二、像散;三、色差;衍射效应的分辨率和球差造成的分辨率;景深 ;焦长 ;透射电镜的结构; 透射电镜的结构 ;照明系统;电子枪;灯丝;聚光镜;从聚光镜到物镜;成像系统;物镜;（二）中间镜;（三）投影镜;成像系统;观察与记录系统;透射电镜的主要部件---样品台;样品台与试样;透射电镜的主要部件---消像散器;透射电镜的主要部件---光阑;（一）第二聚光镜光阑;（二）物镜光阑;（三）选区光阑; 透射电镜的功能及发展 ;功能的扩展;功能的扩展;分析型透射电子显微镜;分析型透射电子显微镜;分析型透射电子显微镜;超高压电镜;高分辨透射电子显微镜;高分辨透射电子显微镜;计算机技术的应用;总结;总结;总结;15th century on - Studies done with glass magnifiers to study objects in detail mostly as a curiosity by non-scientists - Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (linen draper) described three shapes of bacterial cells using his simple, single lens microscope (glass bead in metal holder).;Wavelength - distance between peaks of the waveform;Blue light has a wavelen