中国经典历史故事三篇.docxVIP

中国经典历史故事三篇 In the Southern and Northern Dynasties420-589, in the reign of king Wu of Liang, there was a monk called Master Yun Guang who was a very accomplished有技巧的 preacher. Once he explained the sutra佛经，箴言 so proformdly and subtly that the God of Flowers was moved and sent divine神圣的 flowers down to earth. Soon the land was covered with flowers. This idiom was later used metaphorically to describe talking in a vivid and eloquent waymostly in an exaggerated and impartical manner. 南朝梁国的开国皇帝梁武帝萧衍特别笃信佛教，他请云光法师宣讲佛法，在讲《涅槃经》时，梁武帝从早到晚认真听讲，没有丝毫倦意。云光法师说得绘声绘色，竟感动了上天，香花从空中纷纷落下。梁武帝从此更加信佛，后来干脆出家。 传说梁武帝时有个和尚讲经，感动了上天，天上纷纷落下花来。形容说话有声有色，极其动听多指夸张而不符合实际。 At the end of the Qin Dynasty221-206 B.C. the State of Chu and the State of Han fought for control for the country. Xiang Yu, the king of Chu, was besieged包围 at a place called Gaixia by the Han army led by Liu Bang. Xiang Yu was in a desperate situation, with little food and only a few soliders. At night, the surrounding Han troops started to sing Chu folk songs. Xiang Yu was very surprised at this, and said:Has Liu Bang occupied the whole of Chu? How can he have drafted so many Chu people into his army? Then he fled together with the remainder of his forces. This idiom is used metaphorically to mean to be in a helpless and critical situation, surrounded by the enemy on all sides. 项羽和刘邦原来约定以鸿沟在今河南荣县境贾鲁河东西边作为界限，互不侵犯。后来刘邦听从张良和陈平的规劝，觉得应该趁项羽衰弱的时候消灭他，就又和韩信、彭越、刘贾会合兵力追击正在向东开往彭城即今江苏徐州的项羽部队。终于布置了几层兵力，把项羽紧紧围在垓下在今安徽灵璧县东南。这时，项羽手下的兵士已经很少，粮食又没有了。夜里听见四面围住他的军队都唱起楚地的民歌，不禁非常吃惊地说：“刘邦已经得到了楚地了吗?为什么他的部队里面楚人这么多呢?”说看，心里已丧失了斗志，便从床上爬起来，在营帐里面喝酒，并和他最宠爱的妃子虞姬一同唱歌。唱完，直掉眼泪，在一旁的人也非常难过，都觉得抬不起头来。虞姬自刎于项羽的马前，项羽英雄末路，带了仅剩兵卒至乌江，最终自刎于江边。 以后人们就用“四面楚歌”这个词，形容人们遭受各方面攻击或逼迫，而陷于孤立窘迫的境地。凡是陷于此种境地者，其命运往往是很悲惨的。例如某人因经常与坏人为伍，不事生产，游手好闲，但后来却被那些坏人逼迫得无以为生，而求助于别人时，别人又因他平日行为太坏，绝不同情理睬，这人所处的境地便是“四面楚歌”。 Once in the Warring States Period, the State of Jin was at war with the State of Chu. Duke Gong of Chu stood on a high platform built on