05年职称英语考试卫生类(a级)试题(6).docx

05 年职称英语考试卫生类 (A 级)试题 (6) 箔一省 第二篇 Diabetes（ 糖屎病 ）and Eye Damage 0vet 2 million Canadians have diabetes ．It is the leading cause of blindness in North Americans under 65 years of age Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin（ 胰岛素 ）or cannot respond properly to insulin ．Insulin is important because it moves glucose（ 葡萄糖 ）， a simple sugar ．into the body'S cells from the blood ． The food people eat provides the body with glucose ， which is used by the cells as a source of energy ． If insulin isn't available or doesn't work correctly to move glucose from the blood into the cells ，glucose will stay in the blood ，leading to high blood sugar levels ． High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels ， including the tiny blood vessels in the eye ． This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy（ 糖尿病型视网膜病 ）． The retina （ 视网膜 ）is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals ．With diabetic retinopathy ，some blood vessels in the retina are lost ， and some of the other bloodvessels begin to"leak''blood This causes the retina to swell ．andgradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients（ 滋养 物 ）． Eventually ， the retina starts to grow new blood vessels to replace the damaged ones ．Unfortunately ， ．and are not as strong as the old ones They are more likely to break ， causing bleeding in the eye At first ， people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms ．As the disease gets worse ， they may notice blurred（ 模糊的）vision , black spots or flashing lights . As time goes on ， it Can progress to blindness Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic retinopathy ， and the risk increases the longer you've had diabetes Fortunately ， you can reduce your risk If you do not have diabetes ， but think you may be at risk for this condition ．visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes ．If you d0 have diabetes ： Have frequent eye check-ups ． Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your me