直接引语和间接引语.pptVIP

直接引语和间接引语;一、概念 引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述语序。例如： 直接引语：He said，“I want to have a drink now.” 间接引语：He said that he wanted to have a drink then.;二、变身方法 1. 人称变化： 口诀：一主二宾三不变。即直接引语的第一人称取决于主句的主语,第二人称取决于主句的宾语,第三人称一般不变。 1）He said, “I get on well with people here.”→He said that he got on well with people there. 2）Susan said, “We can finish the work tomorrow.”→Susan said that they could finish the work the next day. 3）John said, “Mary went to Beijing three days ago.”→John said that Mary had gone to Beijing three days before.;2.时态变化： 口诀：主句现在从不变，主句过去从顺延。即如果主句中的谓语动词是现在时,宾语从句中谓语动词的时态可以不变;如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,则从句谓语动词的时态要变为相应的过去时态或过去完成时? He said, “ I get up early every morning.” (一般现在时→一般过去时) 2) She said, “I am working on a homework project.” She said she was working on a homework project. (现在进行时→过去进行时) 3) She said, “ I met my friend in the street.” She said that she had met her friend in the street. (一般过去时→过去完成时);注意：在下面几种情况下,从句中谓语动词的时态可以保持不变: 1) 直接引语叙述的是科学真理?客观事实?格言等?例如:“The moon moves around the earth,” the teacher said to the students. The teacher told the students that the moon moves around the earth. 2) 直接引语中有明确的不受语境限制的过去时间状语?例如:“John went to Paris by air in 1985,” Jack said. Jack said John went to Paris by air in 1985.;3. 状语和指示代词的变化： 牢记：this/these→that /those, now→then, today→that day, yesterday→the day before, last year→the year before, ago→before, here→there等。 例如：He said, “I haven’t seen her today.” He said that he hadn’t seen her that day. 4.直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if 引导。例如： He asked me, “Do you like playing football?” He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.;5.直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。例如： My sister asked me, “How do you like the film?” My sister asked me how I liked the film.;6.直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定式前加tell, as