2009年中国矿业大学考博英语真题(Word版).docVIP

2009年中国矿业大学考博英语真题 提示：写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效。 Part One: cloze (15 points) Directions: Fill each of the blanks in the passage with one suitable word. Solving a problem can be broken into several steps. First, the problem must be identified correctly. Psychologists refer (1) this step as problem representation. For many problems, figuring (2) which information is relevant and which is extraneous can be difficult and can interfere (3) arriving at a good solution. Clearly, before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious (4) the problem is, however, this is not as easy (5) it might seem. One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness, that is, allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices to color the facts. Moat people tend (6) see objects and events in certain fixed ways, and by being inflexible in viewing the problem, they may be unable to notice the tools (7) the solution. Once the problem is identified accurately, (8) , the second step consists (9) considering the alternatives for a solution. A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them (10) and then make a list (11) advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again, people may be limited by prior experiences. Often people adopt mental sets (12) lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems (13) the past. Although that can be helpful most (14) the time, sometimes anew situation requires a different strategy. (15) that case, the mental set must be abandoned, and new alternatives must be explored. Part Two: Reading Comprehension (40 points) Passage One Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. Many of the most flexible examples of tool use in animals come from primates (the order that includes humans, apes, and monkeys). For example, many wild primates use objects to threaten outsiders. But there are many examples of t