核能发电辐射材料科学3.pdfVIP

284 7 Dislocation Microstructure Fig. 7.25. Frank–Read source for the production of dislocations Fig. 7.26. Micrograph of a Frank–Read source in a silicon crystal (from [6]) Fig. 7.27. Force on an edge dislocation with character s |001 |, b |100| due to a shear stress σxy 7.1 Dislocation Lines 285 dislocation line equal to σxy bL. Then the force is F = σxy b. Note that the force is in the +x direction. For a screw dislocation, application of a shear stress, σyz , results in a force σyz b, where the force is in the +x direction (Fig. 7.28). Application of a shear stress σxz produces a force −σxz b, where the force is in the −y direction, and motion is perpendicular to the slip plane. What if we apply a stress to an edge dislocation that produces a force in a direction perpendicular to the slip plane? A tensile stress, σxx , applied to the edge dislocation in Fig. 7.29 will produce a downward force on the dislocation equal to −σxx b. The only way that the dislocation can respond to this stress is to climb. Forces on mixed dislocations are more complicated. If a dislocation is oriented along the +z-direction and its slip plane is perpendicular to the y-axis, then the Burgers vector can be described by: b = b i + b k , (7.33) x z Fig. 7.28. Force on a screw dislocation with character s |001 |, b |001 | due to a shear stress σyz Fig. 7.29. Force on an edge dislocation with character s |001 |, b |100| due to a normal stress σxx 286 7 Dislocation Microstructure where bx and bz are edge and screw components of the Burgers vector and i and k are unit vectors in the x and z-directions, respectively. An external stress placed on the surfaces of a crystal contai