61、2018 The Riemann Hypothesis-5页 英文 文字版.pdfVIP

THE RIEMANN HYPOTHESIS MICHAEL ATIYAH 1. Introduction In my Abel lecture [1] at the ICM in Rio de Janeiro 2018, I explained how to solve a long-standing mathematical problem that had emerged from physics. The problem was to understand the fine structure constant . The full details are contained in [2] which has been submitted to proceedings A of the Royal Society. The techniques developed in [2] are a novel fusion of ideas of von Neumann and Hirzebruch. They are sophisticated and powerful, based on an infinite iteration of exponentials, while having an inherent simplicity. Attacking the mystery of was the motivation, but the power and universality of the methods indicated that they should solve other hard problems, or at least shed new light on them if they are insoluble. In expanding my Abel Lecture for the ICM Proceedings I speculated that the techniques of [2] might lead to the new subject of Arithmetic Physics. The Riemann Hypothesis RH is the assertion that has no zeros in the critical strip , off the critical line . It is one of the most famous unsolved problems in mathematics and a formidable challenge for the programme envisaged in [1]. I believe it will live up to this challenge, and this paper will provide the proof. The proof depends on a new function , the Todd function, named by Hirzebruch after my teacher J.A.Todd. Its definition and properties are all in [2] but, in section 2, I will review and clarify them. In section 3 I will use the function to prove RH. In section 4, entitled Deus ex Machina, I will try to explain the mystery of this simple proof of RH. Finally, in section 5