ERP与MRP的基础知识讲义.pptx

ERP基础——创造财富的管理体系ERP系统Management is the Primary Productivity.管理是第一生产力。Introduction to ERPWinning in todays business climate requires more than just providing high-quality, low-cost products to customers, when and how the customers want them. Customers and suppliers also require information that is fully integrated throughout the supply chain, or value chain.在今天的商业上，仅仅提供高质量和低成本的产品并且在时间和方式上满足客户需求是不够的。客户和供应商也要求在整个供应链或价值链上获取信息。Introduction to ERPExecutives in manufacturing companies require the integration of their strategies and tactics into all facets of their companies, so that all people throughout the organization make the best decisions and take actions that consistently move toward achieving the corporate objectives. 制造业的管理层要求公司各个方面战略和战术上能够整合，以便所有公司的员工均能够最佳地决策和采取行动，并能够持续的执行公司的管理目标。Introdution to ERPCompetitive pressures frequently force manufacturers to decrease prices, in spite of the fact that their internal costs continue to rise. These two forces combined can quickly eliminate any profitability and can threaten a companys ability to survive. One way to reduce costs is to eliminate the waste caused by poor communication and coordination throughout the manufacturing company, and between the company and its suppliers and customers. 竞争压力不断迫使制造业降低产品价格，尽管企业内部的运作成本不断上升，这两个因素很快降低的收益，并威胁到企业的生存。其中的一个降低成本的方法是减少在整个公司内部，以及公司和供应商/客户因交流和沟通不够而导致的浪费。ERP发展历程MRP的兴起闭环MRPMRPIIJIT和ERPMRP的兴起MRP，简称物料需求计划，是根据客户需求及库存量来计算需要采购什么、采购多少、什么时候采购等。最早的采购政策：每样物品都保持一定量的库存。再订购点法（ROP）：基于客户会持续订购其过去所订购的，且订购量基本稳定，所以其需求是和过去一致的。MRP的产生：采购应建立在它的相关需求（MPS）基础上，所以只有真正生产所需要的物料采购提上了日程 。MRP的技术基础：五、六十年代计算机技术（IBM大型机）的发展也为MRP的实现提供了技术上的可能。MRP的基本流程MRP 闭环 为满足客户需求，企业不仅需要所需的物料，而且需要足够的产能去生产，结合产能需求的闭环MRP在70年代就此产生了。重要的产能包括：Rough-Cut Capacity Planning by MPSCapacity Requirement Planning by MO 供应商供货能力的确认MRP闭环流程图MRP II 八十年代技术的发展使得企业不仅仅满足于物流、计划流，同时希望能跟踪和掌控到相应的生产资源和资金流的反馈。即企业希望能够对采购、库存、生产、出货等所伴随发生的一切费用进行记录和分析。这样，MRPII制造资源计划（ Manufacturing Resources Planning)就诞生了。MRPII流程图ERP的产生八十年代末九十年代初客户所要求的响应时间越来越短，多品种、小批量的生产方式成为主流。竞争性和利润不再仅