牛津英语中考语法专项复习——被动语态(含答案).pdfVIP

牛津英语 2020 中考语法专项复习 被动语态 一、各种时态的被动语态 一般现在时： am ／is ／are＋动词过去分词 E.g :Cars are made by them. 一般过去时： was ／were ＋动词过去分词 E.g :The MP3 was bought by my father. 一般将来时： will/shall/be going to be ＋动词过去分词 E.g :The bridge will be completed in ten days. 现在完成时： have ／has been＋动词过去分词 E.g :The meeting has been put off. 二、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由 “情态动词＋ be＋过去分词 ”构成，原来带 to 的情态动词变成被动 语态后 “to仍要保留。歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加” be 加 “过分 ”。例如： we can repair this watch in two days. → This watch can be repaired in two days. We must finish this work soon. → This work must be done soon. We have to clean the classroom. → The classroom has to be cleaned by us. 三、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题 . （1）时态保持一致。 I have repaired my computer.My computer has been repaired. （2）如果要说出动作的执行者，并且这个执行者可以作主动语态中主语时，就用 by 短语，如果后面的词 表示地点，不是动作的执行者，就用 in 短语。 It is made by us. It is made in Wuhan. (3) 主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动句 by 的宾语时要用其宾格形式。 He cleaned the car. → The car was cleaned by him. (4) 疑问句的被动语态，用 be 动词的对应形式代替 do Does she drive this car? → Is this car driven by her? （5）谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。 1 His best friend often looks after him. --He is often looked after by his best friend. (6) 主动句中有一些动词如 buy,send,give,show,offer,tell,lend,teach 等，带有双宾语，一个是直接宾语（指 物） ，另一个是间接宾语 （指人），主动语态变为被动语态时， 可以把间接宾语变成主语， 保留直接宾语， 也可以把直接宾语变为主语，保留间接宾语，但此时一般在间接宾语前加一个介词。 My father gave me a book. → (1)I was given a book by my father. → (2) A book was given to me by my father. She showed me some photos. → (1)I was shown some photos by her. → (2) Some photos were shown to me by her. 注意：