如何分析英语句子结构.ppt

如何分析英语句子结构 第一页 一、要弄清楚英语句子的结构，我们先要弄清楚组成一个句子的各个组成部分，即句子的成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语的概念。 1、主语：是一个句子所要说明的人和事物，是一句的主体。如 I study English. 作主语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句。 To lose your heart means failure. Dancing is fun. To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. 第二页 分析句子成分,找出主语。 1. Tom is an American student studying in China. 2. He, together with his parents, plans to go back to America in the summer vacation. 3. However, how they will go there has not been decided. 4. Each of his classmates wishes his family will have a happy holiday. 5. It is a bad habit to go to school without breakfast. 第三页 2、谓语：它是说明主语的动作或状态的，如 I study English中的 study.作谓语的有：及物动词或不及物动词短语。（凡是句子就有时态） The volleyball match will be put off if it rains. So far they have dug more than 100 wells to get enough drinking water. I don’t know why he was late for class this morning. 第四页 3、宾语：它是表示及物动词或不及物动词短语所作用的对象的，如 I study English. 作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和宾语从句。 I am fond of singing. I am sorry for what I have done to you. 第五页 4、表语：它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身份或特征的，如 That sounds a good idea. 连系动词有：be, seem, keep… look, feel, sound, smell, taste… become, get, turn, fall… 作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、表地点或方位的副词、不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句。 Her job is to clean the hall. My dream is to become a scientist. The cake tastes good. The reason why I was late for school is that my bike broke down. 第六页 5、定语：它是限定名词或代词用的，作定语的有：名词、形容词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词、动名词和定语从句，若是词则多作前置定语，若是短语或定语从句则只能作后置定语。如： the polluted river the river polluted by chemicals The bridge is over the river which is polluted by chemicals. 第七页 6、状语：它是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用的。如I like it very much中的very 修饰much,而much 又修饰like。作状语的有：副词（短语）、介词短语、不定式、分词（短语）和状语从句等。状语说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。其位置多位于句首或句尾。地点和时间应按先小后大的顺序。 The Olympic Games was held in Beijing, China, on August 8th., 2008. Unfortunately, he didn’t pass the exam. 第八页 7、补足语：补充说明句中的主语或者宾语的，作补足语的有：名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式和分词（短语）。如 I find it interesting. The teacher came into the classroom with a book in her hand. 8、同位语：把一个名词（