第10讲产业生态效率.pptxVIP

1/53 Industrial Ecology in Action session 10 产业生态效率 2/53 Eco-Efficiency starts from issues of economic efficiency which have positive environmental benefits while cleaner production starts from issues of environmental efficiency which have positive economic benefits. The concept of eco-efficiency was first coined in 1992 by the Business Council for Sustainable Development (BCSD) in its landmark report Changing Course. Eco-efficiency was further defined at the first Antwerp Workshop on Eco-efficiency held in November 1993 as being “reached by the delivery of competitively priced goods and services that satisfy human needs and bring quality of life while progressively reducing ecological impacts and resource intensity throughout the life cycle to a level at least in line with the earths estimated carrying capacity”. 一、产业生态效率的概念及其发展 3/53 The WBCSD has identified seven success factors for eco-efficiency: Reduce the material intensity of goods and services; Reduce the energy intensity of goods and services; Reduce toxic dispersion; Enhance material recyclability; Maximise sustainable use of renewable resources; Enhance material durability; Increase the service intensity of goods and services These elements clearly build upon and help further the successfull United Nations cleaner production initiatives towards sustainable production and consumption patterns. 一、产业生态效率的概念及其发展 4/53 生态效率的目的是鼓励企业在提高经济效益、提供更 具有竞争力和创新能力的同时，也能更多地负起保护环境 的责任。生态效率作为一种全新的经营管理哲学，是推动 企业迈向可持续续发展的基本理论，十多年来发展迅速， 相关的观点、做法、工具等正在逐步完善与推广。在联合 国环境规划署（UNEP）和世界可持续发展工商业理事会推 动下，遍布全球33个国家的数百家跨国企业开始采纳与实 施“生态效率”计划。生态效率是工业生态学的一个重要研 究领域与组成部分，经过十多年的努力和实践，“生态效率 ”的理论及相关体系逐渐成熟，已经成为国际环境管理的新 潮流。 一、产业生态效率的概念及其发展 5/53 1.生态效率的概念、内涵 “生态效率（eco-efficiency）”这一概念于1992年 被首次提出， 生态效率是指“生态资源满足人类需要的 效率， 它可以看作是一种产出/投入的比值，可以说是 一个广义的性能比。其中产出是指一个企业、行业或整 个经济体提供的产品与服务的价值，投入指由企业、行 业或经济体造成的环境压力。” 其概念的直观表达式可 表示为： 其中环境影响指的是原材料、能源的使用和废弃物 的排放。 产品或服务的价值 价值的增加 生态效率＝ ＝ 环境影响 环境影