美赛：44845UniversityfClrdulder,C,US---数模英文论文.pdfVIP

2016 Mathematical Contest in Modeling (MCM) Summary Sheet Beneath the Surface: A Thermal-Fluid Analysis of a Hot Bath The overall temperature and uniformity of heat distribution are crucial to the enjoyment of a hot bath. Over time, a bath will lose heat to its surroundings; how-ever, the temperature can be e ectively controlled by adding a trickle of hot water. Quantifying the optimal method of restoring heat uniformly will be the subject of this paper. By making key assumptions, we reduce the problem to one spatial dimension with three-dimensional heat transfer considerations. We develop three independent, generic mathematical models to describe the temperature distribution of the bathtub in space and time: Steady State, Uniform, Thermodynamic Model: We characterize the energy and mass interactions between the system and the surroundings, deriv-ing key physical constants used in the subsequent models. Analytical Model: Using Fourier analysis we derive an analytical solution to the one-dimensional heat equation with time dependent Neumann boundary conditions and temporally and spatially dependent heat generation/loss. Numerical Model: Using a nite di erence approximation of the one-dimensional convection-di usion equation, we implement an algorithm that estimates the temperature distribution over time based on bulk uid motion and di usion. We analyze the results of each of these models, performing sensitivity analyses on the input parameters and demonstrating their exibility. Ultimately, the numerical model proves the most physically accurate as it models convective uid motion, which isfound to dominate thermal di usion. We then implement closed-loop PID control to regulate the total thermal energy of the system. We also model a