高考英语语法必考知识点被动语态讲解.docVIP

概述及构成 1、语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 2、被动语态常由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，也可由系动词get加及物动词过去分词构成（被动语态构成的核心：及物动词或及物动词短语才可以构成被动语态）。 ①被动语态可以用于各种时态，但常用于下列十种时态中。 a、一般现在时 Patience is needed whatever we do. You are wanted on the telephone. b、一般过去时 He was killed in World War Ⅱ. Our school was founded in 1897. c、一般将来时 A meeting will be held here tomorrow. The case will be looked into as soon as possible. d、一般过去将来时 He said that the building would be torn down next year. They were told that the result of the game would be announced the next week. e、现在完成时 The house has been painted. The thief has been caught by the police. f、过去完成时 He said that the fire had been controlled. All the tickets had been sold out before they arrived. g、将来完成时 The supper will have cooked by your mother before you go back. The film will have been played ten times by next spring. h、过去将来完成时 He said that the book would have been finished by eight o’clock. The leader said that the project would have been completed before May. i、现在进行时 The meeting is being held. I’m afraid I am being followed. f、过去进行时 When I arrived, the lecture was being given. The bridge was being built. 注：完成进行时态一般不用被动语态，它的被动意义可用完成时来表示。将来进行时与过去将来进行时一般也不用被动语态，其被动意义可用一般时态表示。 ②“get+过去分词”型被动语态 get+过去分词也可构成被动语态，get常同dress、marry、break、damage、hurt、catch、repair、invite等动词的过去分词连用，构成被动语态。get加过去分词被动语态一般指动作的结果而非动作本身。如： She gets caught in the storm. He got hurt in the head. Tom and Jane got married finally. The little girl can get dressed by herself. We got lost in the forest. ③get型被动语态和be型被动语态的比较 a、get型被动语态一般都能用be型被动语态替代，但有些be型被动语态可用get型被动语态代替，而有些则不行。如： He was born in a rich family. The building is been constructed. b、get+过去分词构成的被动语态后不用by短语表示动作执行者，而be+过去分词构成的被动语态句，后常用by短语表明动作执行者，但通常省略。如： The boy was beaten (by his father).（正） The boy got beaten by his father.（误） c、get+过去分词有时表示刚开始进入某种状态，而be+过去分词则只表示存在的状态。如： He got tired. He was tired. d、get+过去分词不能用于间接宾语作主语的被动句中，而be+过去分词则可以。如： The little girl was given a nice birthday pr