反刍动物营养学（华南农大PPT）.pptVIP

杨金波 博士 2009-02-20 2008-03-10 Dr. Yang Jinbo 反刍动物营养学RUMINANT NUTRITION 讲授内容 第一章 关于反刍动物 一 反刍动物的自然属性 二 反刍动物的经济属性 第二章 反刍动物的消化生理 反刍动物消化特点 瘤胃微生物 瘤胃发酵和消化 四 瘤胃后的营养消化和吸收 五 影响和改变瘤胃发酵的物质和技术 讲授内容 第三章 反刍动物的体内中间代谢 分子水平的中间代谢和合成 聚合体水平的降解和代谢 基因目标导向——代谢物质的分子协同 经济目标导向——聚合物水平的经济策略 讲授内容 第四章 反刍动物饲料评价体系 TDN评价体系 净能体系 小肠净蛋白质体系 四 VON SOEST 粗饲料评价体系 CNCPS评价体系 反刍动物饲料的营养经济学 讲授内容 第五章 反刍动物营养需要及饲养标准 一 奶牛 二 肉牛 三 绵羊（产毛方向、产肉方向） 四 山羊（产绒方向、产奶方向、产肉方向） 讲授内容 第六章 反刍动物营养实验技术 人工瘤胃技术 消化道瘘管法 血管导管法 瘤胃尼龙袋法 小肠消化率评定技术 饲料纤维分析 Ruminant Nutrition Simplified Market available feedstuffs through ruminants. Ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats, deer and elk) are a profitable way to market forages like grass and hay. Rumen microbes digest cellulose. Ruminants by themselves cannot utilize all the nutrients in forages. Some of the nutrients are contained within the fibrous portion of the plant (cellulose). Ruminants can utilize cellulose because of the microbes in their rumen. The microbes help to supply the energy and protein needs of the animal by breaking down the cellulose and other complex compounds of the feedstuffs to more simplified compounds. Ruminant Nutrition Simplified Both microbes and animals need all classes of nutrients, energy, nitrogen, vitamins and minerals. Microbial numbers are increased with adequate dietary nitrogen and minerals. Microbial numbers are proportional to the dietary nitrogen supplied by intact protein (cottonseed meal, soybean meal, feathermeal, etc.) or urea. Microbial numbers depend on an adequate supply of nutrients. If the feed does not supply enough nitrogen (protein) and minerals, the number of microbes declines. Fewer microbes mean that less forage and/or grain nutrients are available for use by the animal. Minerals and protein are needed to increase the number of rumen microbes and their activity. Ruminant Nutrition Simplified Sustained nitrogen release in forage diets is important. The rate at which nitrogen and energy become avail