高等代数答案.docxVIP

高等代数答案 第一章 多项式习题解答 1. 用g (x ) 除f (x ) ，求商q (x ) 与余式r (x ) . 1）f (x ) =x 3-3x 2-x -1, g (x ) =3x 2-2x +1 3x -2x +12 x 3-3x 2-x -11x -73921x 3-x 2+x 74-x 2-x -1 337147-x 2+x -399 262-x -99 q (x ) =17262x -, r (x ) =-x -. 3999 2）f (x ) =x 4-2x +1, g (x ) =x 2-x +2 432x 2-x +2x +0x +0x -2x +5x 2+x -1 x 4-x 3+2x 2 x 3-2x 2-2x x 3-x 2+2x -x 2-4x +5 -x 2+x -2 q (x ) =x 2+x -1, r (x ) =-5x +7. 2. m , p , q 适合什么条件时，有 1）x 2+mx -1|x 3+px +q x 2+m x -1x 3+0x 2 x 3+m x 2+px +q -x x -m -m x 2+(p +1) x +q -m x 2-m 2x +m (m 2+p +1) x +(q -m ) 当且仅当m 2+p +1=0, q =m 时x 2+mx -1|x 3+px +q . 本题也可用待定系数法求解. 当x 2+mx -1|x 3+px +q 时，用x 2+mx -1去除x 3+px +q ，余式为零，比较首项系数及常数项可得其商为x -q . 于是有 x 3+px +q =(x -q )(x 2+mx -1) =x 3+(m -q ) x 2-(mq +1) x +q . 因此有m 2+p +1=0, q =m . 2）x 2+mx +1|x 4+px 2+q 由带余除法可得 x 4+px 2+q =(x 2+mx +1)(x 2-mx +p -1+m 2) +m (2-p -m 2) x +(q +1-p -m 2) 当且仅当r (x ) =m (2-p -m 2) x +(q +1-p -m 2) =0时x 2+mx +1|x 4+px 2+q . 即 ?m (2-p -m 2) =0?p +m 2=2, ?m =0, ，即?或? ?2?q +1=p , ?q =1. ?q +1-p -m =0 本题也可用待定系数法求解. 当x 2+mx +1|x 4+px 2+q 时，用x 2+mx +1去除x 4+px 2+q ，余式为零，比较首项系数及常数项可得其商可设为x 2+ax +q . 于是有 x 4+px 2+q =(x 2+ax +q )(x 2+mx +1) =x 4+(m +a ) x 3+(ma +q +1) x 2+(a +mq ) x +q . 比较系数可得m +a =0, ma +q +1=p , a +mq =0. 消去a 可得 ?p +m 2=2, ?m =0, 或? ??q +1=p , ?q =1. 3. 求g (x ) 除f (x ) 的商q (x ) 与余式r (x ) . 1）f (x ) =2x 5-5x 3-8x , g (x ) =x +3; 解：运用综合除法可得 -320-50-80 -618-39117-327 13-39109-3272-6 商为q (x ) =2x 4-6x 3+13x 2-39x +109，余式为r (x ) =-327. 2）f (x ) =x 3-x 2-x , g (x ) =x -1+2i . 解:运用综合除法得: 1-2i -1-10 1-2i -4-2i -9+8i -5-2i -9+8i 1-2i 商为x 2-2ix -(5+2i ) , 余式为-9+8i . 4. 把f (x ) 表成x -x 0的方幂和，即表示成c 0+c 1(x -x 0) +c 2(x -x 0) 2+ 的形式. 1）f (x ) =x 5, x 0=1； 2）f (x ) =x 4-2x 2+3, x 0=-2; 4323）f (x ) =x +2ix -(1+i ) x -3x +7+i , x 0=-1. 分析：假设f (x ) 为n 次多项式，令 f (x ) =c 0+c 1(x -x