科拉多·基尼-详解.docxVIP

? ? ? ? ? 科拉多·基尼-详解 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 本条目包含过多不是中文的内容，欢迎协助翻译。 若已有相当内容译为中文，可迳自去除本模板。 科拉多·基尼(Corrado Gini,1884.5.23-1965.3.13.) 　　科拉多·基尼(Corrado Gini,1884.5.23-1965.3.13.)，意大利统计学家、经济学家和社会学家，在1922年提出关于收入分配不平均的一种衡量办法——基尼系数(Gini Ratio)。 科拉多·基尼简介 　　Gini was born into comfortable circumstances in northeastern Italy. He graduated in law at Bologna in 1905, with a thesis on Gender from a Statistical Point of View (published 1908). His interest in public issues with a mathematical slant, rather than in law in the usual sense, was already evident, and it marked the rest of his career. That career was an energetic and productive one, and extended over fields often thought of as separate. Before it was over, he had collected honorary degrees in four different disciplines. 　　By 1909 he was teaching statistics in a junior position at Cagliari. The next year, at the age of 26, he succeeded to the Chair of Statistics at that university. In 1912 he occupied himself with the descriptive statistics of situations not related to the normal distribution; in this he patterns with Pareto, who discovered the first significant non-normal distributions. 　　In 1913 he moved to Padua, and in 1914 published a book on the wealth of nations (Adam Smiths classic treatise of 1776, which established economics as a separate subject of inquiry, had left some things unsaid, and the world had changed). In 1920 he founded the international journal Metron. In 1921, and in another journal, appeared one of his most important contributions, a weighty three pages on the Measurement of Inequality of Incomes. Also in 1921 he collected some papers from 1915-1920 under the title Problemi Sociologici della Guerra. 　　Gini was continuously occupied with questions of measure, such as extending the concept of the mean to distributions having no obvious mean, as well as the parameters of bivariate distributions. From such seemingly simple matters, he found much of value to contribute to science. His 1921