光学工程与系统设计PPT课件.ppt

光学工程 与 系统设计; 近年来，光学技术发展迅速，现代光学技术与电子技术的结合更加快了光学技术的发展。具体体现在：在经典光学基础上创立了新的光学技术，如衍射光学和全息光学；在传统光学元件基础上创造出新的光学元件，如非球面透镜、全息透镜、二元光学元件、微阵列透镜；在一般光学淹没技术基础上发展和采用光学和全息加工、衍射光学元件和微光学元件加工、精密模压成型等现代高新制造技术。 光学技术的快速发展，使越来越多的科技人员从事光学及其相关专业，光学研究的领域也逐渐扩大，包括许多新的应用。随着对新型光学仪器可应用性的认识，人们会迫切的需要熟悉光学技术。尤其是现代光学工程方面的认识。 ;概述;内容;光学基础知识;几何光线与波阵面;透镜对光波的影响;棱镜对光波的影响; 一级光学 （first order optics）;1. 概述 2. 基本概念：一级光学、有效焦距、前焦点、前焦距、后焦点、后焦距、主点、主平面、节点 3. 实际光线追迹：三角光学计算 4. 近轴光学计算： 5. 放大率计算：垂轴放大率、轴向放大率、角放大率 6. 连续球面的光线追迹：近轴光学 7. 等效焦距的计算、等效焦点的计算 8. 透镜的主点和焦点 9. 组合透镜的焦点、焦距 10. 光学不变量 11. 矩阵光学 12. Y-Y图 ;光学系统的基本参数;常用参数和术语;光学系统的基点与基面;光学系统的基点与基面;有效焦距与前、后焦距;单透镜的主面位置;弯月透镜与反射镜;正透镜成像;负透镜成像;物像位置的变化规律;负透镜成像规律;放大率;角放大率;数值孔径和F数;公式汇总;符号的物理意义;各符号的物理意义;双光组无限远成像;双光组有限远成像;光学不变量;用光学不变量计算其它参量;用光学不变量计算其它参量;矩阵光学;Y-Y 图;物面与像面;第二章 像差;光线追迹图;像差多项式;Notice that in the A terms the exponents of s and h are unity. In the B terms the exponents total 3, as in s3, s2h, sh2, and h3. In the C terms the exponents total 5, and in the D terms, 7. These are referred to as the first-order, third-order, and fifth-order terms, etc. There are 2 first order terms, 5 third-order, 9 fifth-order, and; It is apparent that the A terms relate to the paraxial (or first-order) imagery discussed in Chap. 2. A2 is simply the magnification (h′/h), and A1 is a transverse measure of the distance from the paraxial focus to our “image plane.” All the other terms in Eqs. 3.1 and 3.2 are called transverse aberrations. They represent the distance by which the ray misses the ideal image point as described by the paraxial imaging equations of Chap. 2. The B terms are called the third-order, or Seidel, or primary aberrations. B1 is spherical aberration, B2 is coma, B3 is astigmatism, B4 is Petzval, and B5 is distortion. Similarly, the C terms are called the fifthorder or secondary aberrations. C1 is fifth-order spherical aberration; C2 and C3 are linear coma; C4, C5, and C6 are oblique spherical aberration; C7,