反应工程基础：Chap5-补充-差分方法.pptVIP

* Differential and integral forms of the general transport equations General form of all fluid flow equations (transport equation for property ?) : Rate of increase of ? of fluid element + Net rate of flow of ? out of fluid element = Rate of increase of ? due to diffusion + Rate of increase of ? due to sources ? = 1, u, v, w, i (or T or h) Integration over a 3D control volume (CV) Convective term Diffusion term Source terms Skeleton of CFD course Transport equations in theory Steady diffusion problem Steady convection-diffusion problem with known flow fields Steady convection-diffusion problem with unknown flow fields(SIMPLE algorithm) Unsteady convection-diffusion problem How to discretize the differential equations Introduction Generic transport equation Time-independent Idea behind FD approximation: definition of a derivative exact i-1 i i+1 ? central backward forward ?xi ?xi+1 Forward difference Backward difference Central difference Forward difference scheme (FDS) Backward difference scheme (BDS) Central difference scheme (CDS) + truncation errors Truncation error m – leading truncation error term Third order BDS Fourth order CDS Third order FDS Upwind scheme (UDS): convection problems, BDS when flow is from xi-1 to xi FDS when the flow is from xi to xi-1 - First order upwind: very inaccurate, false diffusion (diffusion coefficient much larger) - Higher-order upwind: accurate *