遗传学新版课件 12.pptVIP

Specialized transduction The mechanism of specialized transduction Company name CHAPTER 12 The Prokaryotic Chromosome: Genetic Analysis In Bacteria 1. A General Overview of Prokaryotes A family tree of living organism Bacteria---Escherichia coli Colonies on solid nutrient-agar plates Suspension in a liquid medium E coli The Bacteria Genome A circle of double-stranded DNA The chromosomal DNA can be represented as the helix or as a ring The techniques used in bacteria research a. Replica plating b. Treatments with mutagens c. Enrichment Penicillin enrichment for auxotrophic mutants d. Testing for visible phenotypes Transposable elements in bacteria IS---insertion sequence Tn---transposon Replication of the E coli chromosome Smaller circles of DNA that do not carry essential genes Amp---ampicillin Cm---chloramphenicol Kan---kanamycin Hg---mercury Sm---streptomycin Su---sulfonamide Tet---tetracycline Plasmids: 2. Genetic Exchange in Bacteria a. Transformation: the process by which a donor DNA molecule is taken up from the external environment and incorporated into the genome of a recipient cell. b. Conjugation: the process by which bacterial cells make effective contact with each other and DNA is transferred from one cell, the donor, to the other, the recipient cell. c. Transduction: the process by which DNA is transferred from one bacterial to another by a bacterial virus. Three parasexual processes The U-tube experiment a. Bacterial transformation A donor DNA molecule is taken up from the external environment and incorporated into the genome of a recipient cell. Recombination Integration The mechanism of transformation b. Conjugation