SUPPLYCHAINANDLOGISTICS供应链及物流管理.pptVIP

Keeping a little and no inventory Inventory control Advantages Disadvantages Efficient and flexible Meeting inventory needs can become complicated and expensive Lower inventory and storage costs You might run out of inventory if there is a hitch(故障） in the system You can keep up-to-date and develop new products without wasting inventory You might dependent on the efficiency of your suppliers Keeping lots of inventory also has both advantages and disadvantages Inventory control Advantages Disadvantages Easy to manage Higher inventory, storage and insurance costs Low manage costs Certain goods might perish You never run out Inventory may become obsolete before it is used Buffer the uncertainty Your capital is tied up Inventory levels depend on type of inventory. Inventory control Raw materials and components Work in process Finished goods ready for sale Comsumables How reliable is the supply? Demand is certain Reliability of supply Are the components produced or delivered in batches Goods are produced in batches Expectations of price rises Can you predict demand? You are completing a larger order How steady demand is Is the price steady? Discounts for buying in bulk Are there discounts if you buy in bulk? Inventory control methods-decide what, when and how much to order Minimum inventory level – you identify a minimum inventory level, and re-order when inventory reaches that level. This is known as Re-order Level (ROL) Inventory review-you have regular reviews of inventory. At every review you place an order to return inventory to a predetermined level Just in Time(JIT)-There is a risk of running out of stock, and quality may have problem. Inventory control Re-order lead time Economic Order Quantity(EOQ) Batch Control First in, first out Checking inventory-rolling (cycle) stocktaking-annual and mid-year stocktaking Increase inventory turns增加库存周转 Stock Turnover库存周转 TOR = turnover rate周转率 Inventory control SUPPLY CHAIN AND LOGISTICS EDITED BY THOMAS BI WAY OF