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Imaging diagnosis of salivary diseasesintroductionHistory takingPhysical examinationImaging studies Fine needle aspiration biopsy 细针抽吸活检Salivary flow rate Biochemical studysialoendoscopyHistoryPresent and past medical history Specific questions concerning the nature of the patient’s salivary problem Pain Swelling Dryness Drooling流口水 Taste abnormalities Relationship to eating Allergies to iodine and/or radiographic contrast agents Autoimmune disorders (rheumatoid arthritis) medication previous diagnostic imaging studies involving the salivary glands as well as their resultsDiseases associated with salivary gland enlargementNutritional deficiencyhypovitaminosis AGeneralized malnutritionPellagra糙皮病beriberi 脚气病Hormonal abnormalitiesdiebetes mellitus糖尿病Hypothyroidism甲减testicular atrophyMenopause更年期pregnancy, lactation(cont’d)metabolic disordersbacillary dysentery (Japanese dysentery)细菌性痢疾celiac disease脂泻病ancylostomiasis 钩虫病cardiospasm 贲门痉挛obesityalcoholic cirrhosisotherscarcinoma of the esophagusSSSarcoidosis肉状瘤病UremiaDrugs affecting salivary glandsanalgesics iodineanticonvulsants/antispasmotics muscle relaxantsantiemetics/antinauseants 止吐药 CNS depressantsantihistamines dibenzoxepine derivativesantihypertensives monoamine oxidase inhibitorsantiparkinsons phenothiazine derivatives 吩噻嗪类antipruritic 止痒剂 tranquilizers/sedativesappetite suppressants expectorants 化痰剂 digitalis 洋地黄 decongestants 解充血药diuretics 利尿剂 Physical examinationAll the salivary glands, both symptomatic and asyptomaticSwellingSize/consistencyTendernessmassNeurological defectMucous membrane/tongueDuctal orificesPeriglandular regionsDraining lymph node chainsintroduction平片 plain film 造影 sialography 核素 radionuclide 超声 ultrasound CT MRI初步印象?是否需要辅助检查?检查方法及检查顺序?可望获得哪些信息? 是否有助于诊断和治疗?权衡利弊?PLAIN FILMRADIOPAQUE SIALOLITH 阳性结石BONE INVOLVEMENT 涎腺疾病导致骨改变Preliminary films for sialography女，32岁，左腮腺肿物1年余，无其他不适。近3-4个月生长加快，疼痛。检查见左腮腺肿物，5*6厘米，质硬，不活动，无压痛。术后病理检查结果为（腮腺）低分化恶性肿物SialographyRetrograde injection of an i
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