《大气物理学》第5章地面和大气中的辐射过程.ppt

* * * * * * * 他26岁成为布雷斯劳（Breslau）大学物理学教授，除了辐射方面的工作外，在电学和光谱学中都有基本的发现，与邦森（Bunsen）一起发展了光谱分析，他还发现了铯和铷。 8Gustav Kirchhoff (1924-1887) German physicist; professor at the University of Breslau. In addition to his work in radiation he made fundamental discoveries in electricity and spectroscopy. Discovered cesium and iridium. * * * 德国物理学家，赫姆霍兹和基尔霍夫的学生，27岁和31岁时分别在基尔（Kiel）大学和柏林大学当物理学教授。在发展量子理论方面起过重大作用，1918年获诺贝尔奖。（Herman Von Helmholtz (1821-1894)：德国生理学家和物理学家。曾研究视觉和听觉。是把能量守恒归纳成公式的三个人之一。还研究电的振荡，指出光的电磁理论的可能性，而且研究了涡旋运动。） 5Max Planck (1858-1947) German physicist. Professor of physics at the University of Kiel and University of Berlin. Studied under Helmholtz and Kirchhoff. Played an important role in the development of quantum theory. Awarded the Nobel Prize in 1918. his father Julius Wilhelm Planck being Professor of Constitutional Law in the University of Kiel at the time of his birth, and both his grandfather and great-grandfather had been professors of theology at G?ttingen. It was customary for German students to move between universities at this time and indeed Planck moved to study at the University of Berlin from October 1877 where his teachers included Weierstrass, Helmholtz and Kirchhoff. After the death of Kirchhoff in October 1887, the University of Berlin looked for a world leading physicist to replace him and to become a colleague of Helmholtz. His colleagues and friends included Emil du Bois-Reymond (the famous physiologist and brother of Paul du Bois-Reymond), Helmholtz, Pringsheim, Wien, as well as theologians, historians, and philologists. He continued to indulge his passion for music having a harmonium built with 104 tones in each octave, and holding concerts in his own home. Planck who was 42 years old when he made his historic quantum announcement, took only a minor part in the further development of quantum theory. This was left to Einstein with theories of light quanta, Poincaré who proved mathematically that the quanta was a necessary consequence of