6 中国古代文化常识十.docVIP

作者：王力中国古代文化常识 中国古代文化常识 作者：王力 天文astrology 太阳系the solar system 占星astrology （1）中国 - 三垣四象二十八宿 china twenty-eight places of three wall, for elephants 2、四象、二十八宿four elephants, twenty-eitt places 3、十二次 twelve times （2）外国 - 星座 foreign - constellation （3）局限性limitations 3、北斗beidou Chapter 1 Astronomy 1. The solar system 2. Astrology (1) China - Twenty-eight Places of Three Walls, Four Elephants 2, four elephants, twenty-eight places 3. Twelve times (2) Foreign - Constellation (3) Limitations 3. Beidou 第二章 历法calendar 1、阳历和阴历 gregorian and lunar calendars 2、公历（1）闰年 gregorian calendar（1） leapyear 3、农历lunar calendar （1）闰月leap month （2）节气solar terms （3）中国农历的演变th evolution of the chinese lunar calendar 4、记 x 法 （1）天干地支heavenly stems and earthly branches （2）记时法timekeeping （3）记日法diary method （4）记月法the method of recording the moon （5）记年法 chronology method （6）更大纪 x 法 the greater era method 5、节日 festivals 第三章 乐律chapter 3 rhythm 1、理论 theory （1）音阶scales （2）十二音律 twelve tones （3）二十八宫调twenty-eight palace tunes 2、乐器 musical instruments 第四章 地理chapter 4 geography 1、划分division 大致分为：州、郡、道、路、省、府、军、县。Roughly divided into: state, county, road, road, province, government, army, county 中国古代的行政区划大致可以划分为以下五个时期：the adminnistrative divisions of ancient china can be roughtly divided into the following five periods: 1、萌芽时期（先秦）the budding period (pre-Qin) 2、郡县制时期（秦、汉）the period of the county system(Qin and Han) 3、州制时期（魏晋南北朝、隋）period of state system (Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui) 4、道（路）制时期（唐、宋）Dao(Road）System Period (Tang and Song Dynasties) 5、行省制时期（元、明、清）The provincial system period (yuan,Ming, Qing) 2、寒冷期 Cold Period 第五章 职官 Chapter 5 Officials 1、丞相的演变the evolution of the prime minister 2、官阶official rank 第六章 科举chapter 6 Imperial Examination 正式的科举考试分为三级：（1）乡试，（2）会试，（3）殿试。The official imperial examination was divided into three levels:(1)the rural examination, (2)the general examination, and 3 the imperial examination 参加乡试的是秀才。Participating in the township examination is a scholar. 第七章 姓名 chap