胡壮麟语言学总复习.pptx

胡壮麟语言学总复习;Chapter 1 Language and Linguistics;1、1 Definition of language;1、2 Design features of language;Arbitrariness;Do you think human language is entirely arbitrary? Why?;Productivity;Duality;Displacement;Cultural transmission;Discreteness;1、3 Functions of language;1、4 Linguistics and its branches;Other branches of linguistics;1、5 Some concepts in Linguistics;1) Prescriptive and Descriptive;How is modern linguistics different from traditional grammar? ;2) Synchronic and Diachronic;How do you understand the distinction between a synchronic study and a diachronic study?;3) Langue and Parole;What are the major distinctions between langue and parole?;4) petence and performance;How do you understand petence and performance ?;Saussure’s distinction between langue and parole seems similar to Chomsky’s distinction between petence and performance、 What do you think are their major differences?; Speech and writing;Why does modern linguistics regard the spoken form of language as primary, not ?? the written?;Of the two media of language, why do you think speech is more basic than writing?;Chapter Two: Speech sounds: phonetics and phonology;2、1 Phonetics;Speech sounds and non-speech sounds;Articulation of sounds;Description of speech sounds;Consonants;;Vowels; Cardinal vowels ;;Give the correct technical terms for the following expressions;Write the corresponding sound segments according to the descriptions、;For each group of sounds listed below, state the phonetic feature or features which they all share、;What are the criteria that a linguist uses in classifying vowels? ;2、2 Phonology: Sound patterns;What are the major differences between phonology and phonetics?;Assimilation: a rule for neighbouring sounds;Phonological rules;Rule ordering;Rule ordering;Phoneme and allophone;Minimal pair and minimal set;Distinctive features;plementary distribution;In what way can we determine whether a phone is a phoneme or not? ;2、4 Suprasegmental Features;Syllable;;Sonority scale of Syl