各论1心血管系统angiology.pptxVIP

脉管系统AngiologyJing LiApr. 08. 2010 Department of Human Anatomy※心血管系统 Cardiovascular System※淋巴系统 Lymphatic SystemThe Cardiovascular SystemGeneral introduction 1) The organization — heart central pump — arteries carry blood away from the heart — capillaries connect arterioles and venules — veins transport blood from the capillaries The Cardiovascular SystemGeneral introduction2) Circuits ※ The systemic (greater) circulation 体循环※ The pulmonary (lesser) circulation 肺循环vascular anastomosis 血管的吻合 1、动脉间吻合2、静脉间吻合3、动静脉间吻合※侧支吻合collateral circulation Heart Position Relations External morphology Cardiac chambers Conduction Vessels PericardiumPosition and relationLies within the pericardium in middle mediastinum Behind the body of sternum and coastal cartilages 2 to 6 In front of thoracic vertebrae 5 to 8 A third of it lies to the right of median plan and 2/3 to the leftExternal morphologyOne-apex: cardiac apex心尖 One-base: cardiac base心底Two-surface: sternocostal （胸肋面/前面） and diaphragmatic surfaces（膈面/下面）three borders: 下缘、左缘、右缘 心内注射心底胸肋面膈面External morphologyFour grooves:coronary sulcus (冠状沟/房室沟); post. interventricular groove (后室间沟)ant. interventricular groove (前室间沟); post. interatrial groove (后房间沟)房室交点crux:左右心房和左右心室在心后面互相接近之处心尖切迹Cardiac Chambers right atrium 右心房 right ventricle 右心室 left atrium 左心房 left ventricle 左心室Right Atrium terminal sulcus界沟terminal crest界嵴 Atrium proper固有心房 pectinate muscles梳状肌 right atrioventricular orifice右房室口 right auricleRight Atriumterminal sulcus界沟terminal crest界嵴sinus venarum cavarum 腔静脉窦orifice of sup. vena cava上腔静脉口orifice of inf. vena cava下腔静脉口 Eustachian瓣 (下腔静脉瓣) orifice of coronary sinus冠状窦口 Thebesian 瓣 (冠状窦瓣) fossa ovalis 卵圆窝Todaro腱, 为下腔静脉口前方心内膜下的一个腱性结构。Koch三角：冠状窦口前内缘、三尖瓣隔侧尖附着缘和Todaro腱 之间的三角区,内有房室结Right ventriclesupraventricular crest室上嵴流入道/固有心腔/窦部Trabeculae carneae 肉柱Papillary m. 乳头肌septomarginal trabecula right atriaventricular orifice tricuspid valve 三尖瓣(前/后/隔侧尖)tricuspid complex 三尖瓣复合体： 三尖瓣环、瓣尖、腱