理查德·蔡斯：运作管理——供应链管理的视角（精要版第3版）Chap006.pptVIP

Production System Design Manufacturing Cell Development Group parts into families that follow a common sequence of steps. Identify dominant flow patterns for each part family Machines and the associated processes are physically regrouped into cells Workcenter layout – similar machines grouped together Regrouped Machines Manufacturing cell layout – dissimilar machines grouped together by product Assembly Line Design Workstation cycle time - a uniform time interval in which a moving conveyor passes a series of workstations Also the time between successive units coming off the line Assembly-line balancing - assigning tasks to a series of workstations so that the required cycle time is met and idle time is minimized Precedence relationship - the order in which tasks must be performed in an assembly process Example 6.2 – Assembly-Line Balancing Example 6.2 – Precedence Diagram Example 6.2 - Assignment Example 6.2 - Efficiency Task Splitting Possibilities Split the task Share the task Use parallel workstations Use a more skilled worker Work overtime Redesign Flexible Line Layouts Problem – operators trapped in “cages” prevents sharing work among them Solution – remove barriers to operators can trade work and operators can be added or removed as needed Flexible Line Layouts Problem – operators “birdcaged” with no opportunity to share work or add third operator Solution – operators can help each other and third operator can be added if needed Flexible Line Layouts Problem – straight line is difficult to balance Solution – U-shaped line gives better operator access and may reduce need for operators Mixed-Model Line Balancing Most factories produce a number of different products Inventory can be reduced by building some of each product during every period (e.g. day, week, etc.) Mixed-model line balancing is one means of scheduling this varied production Example 6.3 – Mixed-Model Line Balancing Processing must be completed for both Model J and Model K wagons Equal number of