InorganicChemistry英文PPT (44)冷热源工程.ppt

SP3 hybridThe hybridization between one s-orbital and three p-orbitals (n-same), regular tetrahedralIn the main family, the S-P type is dominant, as compared with the S-P-D type.SP hybridThe hybridization between one s-orbital and one p-orbital (n-same), linearSP2 hybridThe hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbital (n-same), plane triangleSP3d2 hybrid The hybridization between one s-orbital, three p-orbitals, and two d orbital, octahedron d2SP3 hybrid The hybridization between two d orbital, s-orbital, and three p-orbitals, octahedrond2SP3 hybrid The hybridization between two d orbital, s-orbital, and three p-orbitals, octahedronSP3d hybrid The hybridization between s-orbital, three p-orbitals, two d orbital, trigonal bipyramiddSP2 hybrid The hybridization between d orbital, s-orbital, and three p-orbitals, square Graphite (SP2 hybrid)Diamond (SP3 hybrid) Basic points:(1) The spatial configuration of molecule or ion is related to the number of valence shell electron pairs of central atom(2) The valence electron pairs are as far away as possible to minimize the repulsionLP-LP > LP-BP > BP-BPValence shell electron pair (VP) = σ bond electron pair (σBP) + lone pair electron number (LP)§9.4 valence shell electron pair exclusion theory The specific steps for to infer the spatial configuration of molecules or ions are as follows:Determining the electron pairs of valence shell of the central atomVP = 1/2 [valence electron number of A + valence electron number provided by X ± ion charge number (±)]Take AXm as an example (A -central atom) Principles② Ligand X: H and halogen provides a valence electron, while oxygen and sulfur do not.③ Positive ions should subtract the number of charges, negative ions should add the number of charges.For example：VP( ) = (6+4×0+2)=4① The valence electron number of A = the main family ordinal number. Valence electron number of X: H and halogen are recorded as 1, but oxygen and sulfur as 0.The