基于STM32单片机超声波声光报警系统设计.doc

PAGE 33 摘 要 超声波是属于机械波的范畴，是超出人类耳朵所能听见的范围，它是一种特殊的声波，其声源同样也是来自于机械振动并且振动频率在50kHz以上。同时超声波遵循一般的机械波的特性，在弹性介质中传输的规律也大致相同。如超声波在传播过程中，在遇到不同的介质时也会发生发射或者折射现象，进入介质后会发生衰减甚至消失，利用这一特性使得超声波技术可以运用于距离测量。同时，随着科技不断的进步，超声波被广泛的运用于人们日常生活和工作中。 本文主要设计了利用超声波在空气中传播的特性，通过发射器、传播介质、反射介质、接收器等构成一个测距结构。通过数码管显示出实时距离。整个系统由主要由硬件部分和软件部分组成，硬件部分主要由单片机最小系统电路、超声波收发电路、显示电路、复位电路、晶振电路、声光报警电路等组成。硬件电路以STM32F103C8T6单片机为核心，这款单片机具有成本低、性比较高的特点。软件部分主要各个子程序模块组成，由主程序支配各个子程序完成，由超声波测距子程序、显示子程序、报警子程序等各个自称组成，由主程序实现各个任务的控制。硬件和软件的联合调试，完善了整个超声波测距仪系统。 关键词: 单片机；报警；超声波；测距仪  Abstract Ultrasonic is belongs to the category of mechanical wave, is beyond the range of human ears to hear, it is a special kind of sound waves, the sound source is also comes from mechanical vibration and vibration frequency in more than 50 KHZ. Ultrasonic following general mechanical wave characteristics at the same time, the transmission rule in the elastic medium is roughly the same. Such as ultrasonic wave in the process of transmission, when encountered in different media launch or refraction phenomenon, after entering medium attenuation will happen even disappear, using this feature in ultrasonic technology can be used in distance measurement. At the same time, with the progress of science and technology constantly, ultrasound is widely used in Peoples Daily life and work. In this paper, we design the characteristics of the use of ultrasonic wave in air, through the launcher, communication media, reflecting medium, the structure of the receiver and form a distance. By the LCD panel shows real-time distance.The whole system is composed of mainly by the hardware part and software part and hardware part is mainly composed of single chip microcomputer minimum system circuit, ultrasonic transceiver circuit, display circuit and reset circuit, crystals circuit, sound and light alarm circuit, etc. Hardware circuit STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer as the core, the single chip microcomputer with low cost and high sex. Software part mainly each sub