集成电路简介.docx

集成电路简介 集成电路是将三极管、电容、电阻和其它元件高度密集在一个芯片上。An integrated circuit contains transistors, capacitors, resistors and other parts packed in high density on one chip. 尽管其功能与分立元件搭成的电路相似，但集成电路的内部结构与分立元件是不同的。三极管、电容、电阻超级小，且高密度做在硅片上，它们是由照相印刷技术组成的。Although the function is similar to a circuit made with separate components, the internal structure of the components are different in an integrated circuit. The transistors, resistors, and capacitors are formed very small, and in high density on a foundation of silicon. They are formed by a variation of printing technology. 集成电路种类繁多，其中还包括专用集成电路。There are many kind of ICs, including special use ICs. 上图左侧是SN7400，它包括4个分离的2输入与非门电路。每边各有7个引脚，共有14个管脚。集成电路的这种封装形式称为双列直插式(DIP)。当集成电路只有1列引脚，这种封装形式称为单列直插式(SIP)。The top left device in the photograph is an SN7400. It contains 4 separate 2 input NAND circuits. There are 7 pins on each side, 14 pins total. ICs in this form are called Dual In line Package (DIP). When an IC has only one row of pins, it is called a Single In line Package (SIP). 引脚的数量依托于集成电路的功能。上图的左下方是一个14引脚DIP 集成电路管座。The number of pins changes depending on the function of IC. At the bottom left is an IC socket for use with 14 pin DIP ICs. ICs can be attached directly to the printed circuit board with solder, but its better to use an IC socket, because you can easily exchange it should the IC fail. On the top right is an LM386N audio amplifier. It can be used for amplification of low frequency, low power signals. IT has 8 pins and the maximum output is 660mW. On the bottom right is a TA7368P, which also is for amplification of low frequency electric power. It has a maximum output of watts. It is a 9 pin SIP IC. Common ICs Below, the most common ICs are shown. (Those parts that I use most.) For extensive details on each part, see the corresponding data sheet. The part numbers of the SN74 series ICs are written with a 74, often followed by LS or HC. LS (Low power Shottky) indicates low power consumption. HC indicates the device is High speed C