炎症课件英文.pptVIP

INFLAMMATION OUTLINE1 Definition2 Causes3 Basic pathological changes4 Local signs and general reaction5 Histological types6 Inflammatory mediator and chemotaxis 7 Sequels Definition  Inflammation is a dynamic processes by which living tissue reacts to injury. They concern vascular and connective tissue particularly. INFLAMMATION Local signs and general reactionLocal signs: Redness (rubor) Heat (calor)------hyperemia Swelling (tumor)-------hyperemia and edema Pain (dolor)-----nerve ending irritated by exudates and inflammatory mediators.  Dysfunction  General reaction:(1) Fever(2) Increased leukocyte count  (2) ------releasing leukocytes from bone marrow by IL-1 and TNF, immature neutrophils (rod nucleus) increased in peripheral blood (left divert). Depending on the duration , inflammation is divided into acute and chronic inflammation. 2 Causes Physical agents: mechanical trauma; over heat or cold; ultra-violet or ionising radiation.Chemical substances: simple chemicals eg. acids, alkaline and organic poisons,  toxins from various bacteria Infective agents: bacteria, virus, and parasites. Immunological and hypersensitive reactionsnecrotic tissue 3 Basic pathological changes 1 Alteration: degeneration, necrosis 2 Exudation: escape of fluid and cells from vessels into injured tissue due to permeability increasing. 3 Proliferation 1) Serum, differs from transudate which occurs in conditions where intravascular pressure increases, intravascular osmotic pressure decreases, vascular permeability does not increase.  Exudate Transudate Appearance opaque clearSp. gravity 1.020 1.020Protein rich 2.5g% poor2.5g%Cel