量子力学学习课件第二章英文版.pptxVIP

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量子力学学习课件第二章英文版.pptx

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Chapter 2 Time-independent Schr?dinger Equation2.1 Stationary States 242.2 The infinite Square well 302.3 The Harmonic Oscillator 402.4 The Free Particle 592.5 The Delta-Function Potential 682.6 The Finite Square Well 78 2.1 Stationary StatesHow to get wave function ?To solve the Schr?dinger Equationwhere V is a specified potential and independent of t.In this case the Schr?dinger Equation can be solved by the method of separation of variables, looking for the following solutions: Substituting above equations into the Schr?dinger Equation:and, dividing through by Separation of variables has turned a partial differential equation into two ordinary differential equations.②① Called time-independentSchr?dinger Equation.The rest of this chapter will be devoted to solving the time-independent Schr?dinger Equation, for a variety of simple potentials.①:②:What are the solutions and why the solutions of time-independent Schr?dinger Equation is so important.Three properties of the solutions: (1) They are stationary states. solutions:The probability density is time-independent. Every expectation value is constant in time. (2) They are states of definite total energyIn classical mechanics, the total energy (kinetic and potential energy) is called the Hamiltonian: (3) The general solution is a linear combination of separable solutions.Conclusion:A separable solution has the property that every measurement of the total energy is certain to return the value E. A more general solution can be constructed by a linear combination:Determine the constants c to match the specified initial conditions: Example 2.1: 2.2 The Infinite Square Well Outside the well:Inside the well:where Simple harmonic oscillator equationSolutionBoundary conditions:Both and are continuous.But if the potential goes to infinity, only the is continuous. (2.5)Boundary points: 0 and a At point a:Discrete energy To find A, using the normalization condition:Pha