高中英语知识点讲解.pdf

先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐。——范仲淹 【词条1】apply 【点拨】apply 意为申请,为不及物动词。常构成短语 apply for sth.申请……；apply to do sth. 申请做某事。如: We advertised three positions and over 50 people applied for them. He has applied for a scholarship to Harvard University. Why don’t you apply to be admitted to the club? 【拓展】 1. apply 还可意为应用,运用；适用；有关,涉及。常构成短语:apply to适用于；运用到； 关系到；apply sth. to sth. 把……运用于……；apply oneself to致力于。如: The new method can’t be applied in every case. The rules just apply to the kids under twelve years old. The experience can be applied to other fields. She applies herself to helping children in the poor areas. 2. application n. 申请；应用,运用 applicant n. 申请人 【词条2】require 【点拨】require vt. 需要,要求,后面可接不同的宾语形式。requirement 为其名词形式。 1. 接名词或代词。如: As a primary teacher, it requires great patience to teach children. 2. 接动词-ing 的主动式或不定式的被动式。如: The old house requires repairing / to be repaired. 3. 接不定式的复合结构。如: They required people not to smoke in the room. 4. 接宾语从句(从句常用虚拟语气)。如: We required that people present at the meeting (should)arrive on time. 【拓展】辨析:require, demand＆request 这三个词都有要求之意,具体区别如下: 1. require 强调根据需要或纪律、法律等提出的要求。如: The situation there requires that I should take effective measures. 2. demand 一般指理直气壮地提出强烈要求(或不允许对方拒绝的要求)。不用于 demand sb. to do sth.结构。此外,demand 还可用作名词。如: He demanded an immediate answer from me. 3. request 是正式用语,指非常正式有礼貌地请求或恳求 (多含担心种种原因导致对方不能答应 的意味)。request 还可用作名词。如: In the invitation, he requested that my family should attend his wedding. 【词条3】suffer 【点拨】suffer vt.遭受,经历,后常跟 defeat, hunger, loss, pain, poverty 等词作宾语。如: They have been suffering poverty since their unemployment.