《医学院校研究生英语读与写（第四版）》 课件 Unit 7 Text A Organ Transplantation Ethical Dilemmas and Policy Choices.pptx

医学院校研究生英语读与写(第四版）首都医科大学应用语言学系English for Master Students in Medical UniversitiesDepartment of Applied Linguistics Capital Medical UniversityUnit SevenText A Organ Transplantation: Ethical Dilemmas and Policy Choices Outline Background informationIntroduction to the topicBackground information Transplantation is the transfer of a tissue or organ, alive or dead, within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.Background information In most cases, human material for transplantation is obtained from a deceased donor. Successful programs for the procurement of human material for transplantation from deceased donors from various cultural, religious and economic backgrounds constitute potential models. Background information The need for communities, including health professionals, to become better educated about transplantation is widely recognized as a key to the success of such programs.Background information However, despite the frequent use of materials donated from deceased donors, the donation of materials from living donors is necessary for some types of transplants or to compensate for the limited supply of material available from deceased donors in order to meet patient needs. Living donation is thus practiced despite the fact that it involves risks for the donor that may not be negligible.Background information The procurement of human material for transplantation from deceased or living donors and the subsequent allogeneic transplantation entail ethical and safety risks for both the donor and the recipient. Health authorities must provide effective oversight of all aspects of transplantation in order to control these risks. Background information This oversight is also essential for gaining public support by developing and justifying trust in the procurement organization, particularly since donations are often motivated by altruism and generosity. In addition, the decision to be a donor is often based