2021上海考研英语二真题及答案.pdfVIP

2021上海考研英语二真题及答案 Section ⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Its not difficult to set targets for staff . It is much harder, 1 ,to understand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. 2 one and the others becomedistorted.TravelonaLondonbusandyoull3seehowthisworkswithdrivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course !Are there inspectors to 4 that people have paid? Possibly, but very few.And peoplewho run for the bus? They are 5 . How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists. Why? Because the target is 6 . People complained that buses were late and infrequent. 7 , the numberofbusesandbuslaneswereincreased,anddriverswere8orpunishedaccording to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets. But they 9 hit cyclists. If the target was changed to 10 , you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing.Ifthecriterionchangedtosafety,youwouldgetmore 11driverswhoobeyed traffic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time. There is another 12 :peoplebecame immensely inventive in hitting targets.Haveyou 13 that you can leaveonaflightanhour latebut stillarriveon time?Tailwinds?Ofcourse not!Airlines have simply changed the time a 14 is meant to take. A one-hour fight is now ballad as a two-hour flight. The 15 of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional,with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well 16 others.Everything Can be done faster andmade cheaper,but there is a 17 . Setting targets can and doeshaveunforeseen negativeconsequences.This isnot an argument againsttarget-setting.But it isanargumentfor exploringconsequencesfirst.All goodtargets shouldhavemultiple criteria 18 criticalfactors such astime,money, qual