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Section1 ：Overview ➢ Shock occurs when a diminished amount of blood is available to the circulatory system ➢ The vascular system fails to hold the fluid portion of the blood ➢ Vasodilation of the blood vessels occurs and disrupts the osmotic fluid balance in the body Signs and Symptoms ▪ Low Blood Pressure ▪ Systolic BP is usually below 90 mmHg ▪ Pulse is rapid and weak ▪ Respiration is rapid and shallow ▪ Skin is pale, cool, and clammy ▪ Drowsiness Definition of Shock Shock is an acute clinical syndrome initiated by ineffective perfusion, resulting in severe dysfunction of organs vital to survival. Shock is not a synonym to hypotension! It refers to an abnormality of the circulatory system in which there is inadequate tissue perfusion due to a relatively or absolu y inadequate cardiac output The initial step of shock • Inadequate volume of blood • reased size of the vascular system • Inadequate cardiac output Section 2 ：causes and types 一、causes Shock is used to denote various conditions: hemorrhage burns trauma infection allergy heart failure neurogenic shock, interruption of the spinal cord 二、Types of shock Depending on causes (1) Hypovolemic Shock ▪ Results from trauma in which there is blood loss ▪ Decreased blood volume causes a decrease in blood pressure ▪ Insufficient amounts of O2 is being transported to body tissues and organs Types of Shock Respiratory Shock ▪ Results when the lungs are unable to supply enough O2 the circulating blood ▪ Trauma that may produce respiratory shock lude: ▪ P othorax ▪ Injury to the respiratory control center Types of Shock Psychogenic Shock Commonly known as “fainting” (syncope) Results due to a temporary dilation of the blood v