2014 考研英语阅读真题Text 2(英语二) .pdfVIP

2014 Text 2 （英语⼆）我们如何真正地评价⾃⼰的⻓相 An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think youre more beautiful than you are. 《科学美国⼈》中的⼀篇⽂章指出：实证研究表明，事实上，你总是认为⾃⼰⽐真正的⾃⼰要漂亮。 We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to achieve this. 让⾃我感觉良好对我们来说是⼀种根深蒂固的需要，因此，我们很⾃然的会采⽤⼀些⾃我增强（⼼理术 语）的策略来达到这⼀⽬标。 Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the above average effect, or illusory superiority, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving, and 85% at getting on well with others — all obviously statistical impossibilities. 社会⼼理学家已经对 “超过平均效应” 或者 “虚幻的优越感” （的现象）积累了⼤量的研究。结果显示， 举例来说，70% 的⼈认为⾃⼰的领导⽔准是⾼于平均⽔平的，体现在驾驶（各个年龄段和性别）⽔平 上，这个数字达到了 93%，⽽更有 85% 的⼈觉得⾃⼰的交际能⼒在平均⽔平之上——都是听起来不可能 的数据统计。 We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. 我们会美化⾃⼰的记忆，并总是⾃我肯定。 We become defensive when criticized and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own self-esteem. 对批评我们逐渐变得急于防护，并将负⾯刻板的印象强加于别⼈来维护我们⾃⼰的⾃尊。 We stalk around thinking were hot stuff. 我们总爱招摇过市并⾃以为⾃⼰是⾮常受欢迎的⻆⾊。 Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. ⼼理学家和⾏为科学家尼古拉斯·埃普利监测到了⼀个关于⾃我增强和吸引⼒的关键性研究。 Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a line-up including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. 除了单纯让⼈们对⾃⼰的⻓相进⾏⼼理排序，尼古拉斯普利准备了⼀系列照⽚，其中包括了⼀些多多少 少被处理得更加美观的照⽚，然后他让受验者从⼀组⾃⼰的照⽚中辨识出哪个是原来的版本。 Visual recognition, reads the study, is an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation. “视觉识别” ，据其研究成果介绍，是 “⼀个⾃动的⼼理过程，是迅速⽽直接地发⽣的，很少或者没有明 显的熟思意识。” If the subjects quickly chose a falsely-flattering image — which mo