2022 考研英语阅读真题Text 3(英语二) .pdfVIP

2022 Text 3 （英语⼆）什么是⽹络暗⿊模式？ We have all encountered them, in both our personal and professional lives. 不论是在我们的个⼈⽣活还是在职业⽣涯中，我们都遇到过这种情况。 Think about the times you felt tricked or frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionally or unintentionally, in ways that impair consumer choice . 想⼀想，有多少次你被⼀个会员或订阅服务所欺骗或挫败，这种服务有⼀个完美的注册过程，但之后却 很难取消，⼀些本应简单透明的事情却有意⽆意地变得复杂，损害了消费者的选择。 These are examples of dark patterns. 这些就是暗⿊模式的例⼦。 First coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brignull, dark patterns is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users. ⽤户体验专家哈⾥·布⾥格努尔于 2010 年⾸次提出，“暗⿊模式”是⼀个包罗万象的术语，指操纵⽤户界 ⾯以影响⽤户决策能⼒的做法。 Brignull identifies 12 types of common dark patterns, ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to roach motel, where user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start, but turns difficult when the user tries to get out. 布⾥格努尔识别了 12 种常⻅的暗⿊模式，从误导和隐藏成本到蟑螂旅馆，在那⾥⽤户体验⼀开始似乎 简单直观，但当⽤户试图出去时就变得困难了。 In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices. 在 2019 年对 53000 个产品⻚⾯和 11000 个⽹站的研究中，研究⼈员发现⼤约有⼗分之⼀都采⽤了这些 设计实践。 Though widely prevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood. 虽⼴泛流⾏，但暗⿊模式的概念仍然没有得到很好的理解。 Business and nonprofit leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areas they engender. 商业和⾮营利组织的领导者应该意识到暗⿊模式，并努⼒避免它们产⽣的灰⾊区域。 Where is the line between ethical, persuasive design and dark patterns? 道德、有说服⼒的设计和暗⿊模式之间的界限在哪⾥？ Businesses should engage in conversations with IT, compliance, risk, and legal teams to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion the customer/ user experience designers and coders responsible for the companys user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers resp