光纤通信技术-英文版-chapter4.ppt

Chapter5 Singlemode fibers--basicsFiber Optic Communications 5.1 How a singlemode fiber worksThere are many differences between multimode and singlemode fibers. These differences start with the principle of action and run through all the fiber characteristics. The principle of action Making a fiber that supports only one modeManufacturers use all these means to achieve their goal. The core diameter of a singlemode fiber is around 10um and less, the range of operating wavelengths typically starts at 1300nm, and the relative index is less than 0.4%. How a singlemode fiber conducts one beam Gaussian beamHow can we compare difference beams? We have to introduce some measure by convention, known as the mode-field diameter(MFD), is equal to 2w0.Fig. 2-23: Mode-field diameter MFD is the cross-sectional dimension 2w0, where the beam’s intensity drops to 1/e2=1.135Fig. 2-23: Mode-field diameter Core, cladding, and mode-field diameterHere we discuss the step-index fiber.Manufacturers use the mode-field diameter, MFD, rather than the core diameter as a parameter that describes singlemode fibers. This is in contrast to multimode fiber, where the geometric sizes of both the core and the cladding are given in the data sheets In multimode fibers, we need to know the core diameter because all the light is confined within the core. In singlemode fibers, however, this statement is not true, as fig5.3 , the essential portion of the light( typically, about 20%) is carried by the cladding. So manufacturers do not even specify the core diameter at all. Effective refractive index, neff is the combination of the core and cladding refractive indexes, this is another significant characteristic of a singlemode fiber.The MFD and Operating Wavelength the shorter the wavelength, the less the MFD typical graphs of MFD as a function of wavelength are shown in figure 5.4. The MFD is important characteristic of a singlemode fiber. When you need to connect two fibers, if these two fibe